Advancing Literary Interpretation via Critical Reading Proficiency: A Sustainable EFL Framework for Generation Z

Authors

  • Wesam K. Morsi The British University in Egypt
  • Walid A. Rezk Suez University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1502.02

Keywords:

analytical competence, critical reading strategies, Gen Z EFL learners, interpretive skills, literary analysis

Abstract

This research investigates the transformative potential of literary analysis in advancing English proficiency among Egyptian EFL learners, particularly those in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. The study focuses on the linguistic and analytical challenges encountered by recent public-school graduates in the Suez Governorate, where English instruction is limited to simplified texts and lacks critical engagement. Unlike their counterparts from language schools in Cairo, these students enter university without placement tests, relying solely on their high school grades, which results in underdeveloped critical reading and thinking skills. Sixty Egyptian students participated in this experimental quantitative research design. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Stylistics—a linguistic and literary approach—the paper underscores the value of applying systematic textual analysis to literary works. Stylistics, as a tool for bridging linguistic form and literary meaning, enables students to enhance both their linguistic and interpretive capabilities. By engaging with literary texts through this dual approach, learners develop deeper cognitive skills and greater critical engagement with language. The research argues for integrating Stylistics into the EFL curriculum as a sustainable pedagogical framework to cultivate critical reading proficiency, thereby supporting students’ overall linguistic development and equipping them for professional careers in the arts and humanities. This integration fosters a more profound understanding of language and literature, promoting sustainable language education for Generation Z.

Author Biographies

Wesam K. Morsi, The British University in Egypt

Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Humanities

Walid A. Rezk, Suez University

Department of English, Faculty of Arts

References

Al-Issa, A. (2005). The impact of English language instruction on the Arab learner. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(2), 45-56.

Al-Hamly, H. (2022). The impact of collaborative learning on reading comprehension among Arab learners. International Journal of Educational Research, 45(2), 87-102.

Akbari, R. (2017). Critical literacy in EFL classrooms: From theory to practice. English Teaching Journal, 45(2), 31-44.

Banks, J. A. (2008). Diversity and citizenship education: Global perspectives. Jossey-Bass.

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7-74.

Brown, M. (2023). Statistical analysis in educational research: Methods and applications. Educational Statistics Review, 48(1), 22-35.

Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press.

Calvo, A., & Bialystok, E. (2014). Independent effects of bilingualism and socioeconomic status on language ability and executive functioning. Cognition, 130(3), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.11.015

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2015). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Culpeper, J. (2001). Language and characterization: People in plays and other texts. Longman.

Deci, E. L. (1992). The relation of interest to the motivation of behavior: A self-determination theory perspective. In K. A. Renninger, S. Hidi, & A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (Vol. 2, pp. 43-70). Labyrinth.

Elyas, T., & Picard, M. (2010). Saudi Arabian educational history: Impacts on English language teaching. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 3(2), 136-145.

El-Emam, R., & Al-Ani, A. (2023). Enhancing critical thinking skills through interactive learning environments: A study of Arab students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 116(1), 56-73.

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder.

Garcia, T., & Wong, A. (2023). The role of stylistic analysis in developing critical reading abilities. Journal of Literacy Research, 55(4), 325-340.

Girgin, U., & Stevens, M. (2019). Addressing gaps in EFL learners' critical thinking: A pedagogical framework. Journal of English Language Teaching, 15(3), 181-196.

Gordon, R. (2017). Literature and social justice: An intersectional approach. Routledge.

Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2011). Teaching and researching reading. Routledge.

Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2016). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hamada, M. (2018). Educational disparities in EFL instruction in Egypt: A comparative study of public and private schools. Journal of Linguistic and Education Studies, 10(1), 91-103.

Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.

Hassan, F., & Salama, N. (2023). The role of stylistic analysis in improving reading comprehension among Arab students. Arab Journal of Language and Linguistics, 10(1), 45-62.

Hooks, B. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. Routledge.

Hyland, K. (2006). Academic discourse: English in a global context. Continuum.

Ibrahim, I. et al. (2021). Integrating Tubb’s engagement model with critical reading. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 11(9), 434-451. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2021.119.434.451

Ibrahim, M., & Zaidan, A. (2023). The effectiveness of technology-enhanced learning tools in developing reading skills for Arabic learners. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 39(3), 215-230.

Jayatissa, D. (2023). Generation Z – A new lifeline: A systematic literature review. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljssh.v3i2.110

Jayathilake, H. D. (2019). Retention of Generation-Z in information communication technology sector of Sri Lanka: A conceptual paper. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v14i1.64

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational Psychologist, 44(4), 213-240.

Johnson, R. (2023). Enhancing literary analysis through collaborative learning: A case study. Literature and Learning, 12(1), 45-60.

Jouana, A., & Khaldoun, B. (2023). The crisis of public education in Egypt: A multifaceted problem. Journal of Educational Development in the Arab World, 10(2), 1-25.

Karim, A., Khemanuwong, T., Ferdous, T., Humaira, T., Sultana, S., & Ismail, S. A. M. (2024). Do gender, socioeconomic status and regional difference predict the reading comprehension of English as a foreign language (EFL) learner? MEXTESOL Journal, 48(4), 1-XX.

Lazar, G. (1993). Literature and language teaching: A guide for teachers and trainers. Cambridge University Press.

Labov, W. (1966). The social stratification of English in New York City. Center for Applied Linguistics.

Leech, G. N., & Short, M. H. (2007). Style in fiction: A linguistic introduction to English fictional prose (2nd ed.). Pearson Longman.

Lee, H., & Patel, S. (2023). Active engagement in reading: A pathway to improved analytical skills in literature. Reading Research Quarterly, 58(2), 215-230.

Liu, L., & Huang, X. (2021). Enhancing communication skills through critical reading and literary analysis. Language Teaching Research, 25(2), 215-234.

Melendez, E. (2017). Overcrowded classrooms and teacher efficacy: A qualitative study. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 44(2), 118-127.

Morsi, W., & Elseoud, M. (2024). Exploring the role of online discussion forums in endorsing Egyptian undergraduates’ EFL learning. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 1986-2003.

Morsi, W. (2025). Navigating educational transformation: Understanding learning styles’ preferences of Egyptian students post-pandemic era. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(1), 52-71.

Maley, A., & Duff, A. (2005). Literature. Oxford University Press.

McCrindle Research. (2020). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the generations. McCrindle Research.

McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry (7th ed.). Pearson Education.

Norris, S. P., & Ennis, R. H. (1989). Evaluating critical thinking. University of Illinois Press.

Paran, A. (2008). The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey. Language Teaching, 41(4), 465-496.

Parkinson B, Reid Thomas H. (2000). Teaching Literature in a Second Language. Edinburgh University Press.

Paul R, Elder L. (2014). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson.

Pennycook A. (2010). Language as a Local Practice. Routledge.

Rizk M. (2020). Investigating the impact of using authentic materials on EFL learners’ reading comprehension and motivation. Master's thesis, The American University in Cairo. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1785&context=etds, retrieved on June 20, 2024.

Simpson P. (2004). Stylistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge.

Short M. (1996). Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose. Longman.

Smith A, Johnson L. (2022). Effects of Educational Interventions on Student Achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 115(2), 134-150.

Smith J, Brown L. (2022). The effects of interactive reading strategies on student comprehension in high school literature classes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(3), 367-382.

Sorlin, S. (2014). The 'interdisciplinarity' of stylistics. Topics in Linguistics, 14(1), 9–15.

Stockwell P. (2002). Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction. Routledge.

Wallace C. (2003). Critical Reading in Language Education. Palgrave Macmillan.

Wallace C. (2003). Reading: A critical thinking skill. TESOL Quarterly, 37(2), 225-246.

Zaki S. (2023). Education in Egypt: Authority tames its citizens. Assafir Al-Arabi, December 12. Retrieved from: https://assafi.

Downloads

Published

2025-02-01

Issue

Section

Articles