The Cause of Speaking Anxiety of Pre-intermediate EFL Learners and Its Effects on Their Oral Performance

Authors

  • Sarah Al-Mukdad Arab International University (AIU)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1105.18

Keywords:

speaking anxiety, pre-intermediate level, oral performance, foreign language, willingness to communicate

Abstract

This study is in the area of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). It focuses on the factors causing speaking anxiety to pre-intermediate EFL learners, the direct or indirect effects of speaking anxiety on the overall oral performance, in addition to suggesting possible treatments to this problem. The study was conducted at The Higher Language Institute (HLI) and the data obtained through distributing a questionnaire to pre-intermediate students was analyzed analytically. Results show that all kinds of factors are hardly regarded separately. Yet, the linguistic factors are demonstrated to be dominant in learners' oral performance. Finally, certain treatments are presented depending on the data obtained and the most important was to implement an ungraded speaking test to lower speaking anxiety in oral exams. The research concludes with a brief summary, suggestions for further research, and some recommendations for the EEL context.

References

Bach, K., & Harnish, M.R (1979). Linguistic communication and speech acts. The MIT Press: Massachusetts.

Brown, H, D. (2001). Teaching by principle: an interactive approach to language pedagogy, second edition. San Francisco: San Francisco state University.

Cebreros, A. M. (2003). Measuring language anxiety perceived by Spanish university students of English. Retrieved Nov 20, 2019, from www.publications.ub.edu/revistes/bells12/PDF/art11.pdf.

Cetinkaya, Y. B. (2005). Turkish college student's willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language. (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved June 12, 2018, from http://etd.ohiolink.edu.

Cutrone, P. (2009). Overcoming Japanese EFL Learners’ Fear of Speaking. University of Reading: Language studies working papers, (1), 55-63. Retrieved June 12, 2018, from www.reading.ac.uk/internal/appling/Cutrone.pdf.

Derwing, T. M., & Munro. M. J. (2005). Second language accent and pronunciation teaching: A Research-Based Approach. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 379-397

Hashimoto, Y. (2002). Motivation and willingness to communicate as predictors of L2 use: The Japanese ESL context. Second Language Studies, 20(2), 29-70.

Horwitz, E.K., M.B. Horwitz and J. Cope. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal 70: 125-132.

Irzeqat, N. S. (2010). The Effect of anxiety on the oral performance of Palestinian students of English from the perspectives of teachers and students. (MA thesis). Retrieved June 12, 2018, from home.birzeit.edu/librarya.

Kimura, M. (2002). Affective factors of Japanese EFL learners at junior college in the oral communication tasks. Retrieved Jan 15, 2020, from ses-online.jp.

Lindsay, C. & Knight, P. (2006). Learning and teaching English. New York: Oxford University Press.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79 (1), 90-99.

MacIntyre, P. D. (2007). Willingness to communicate in a second language: Individual decision making in a social context. Presented at UOC conference in Barcelona. Retrieved from www.uoc.edu/Barcelona_paper_for_UOC_Conference.pdf.

Maouche, M. M. (2010). Reducing Anxiety and Raising Engagement in Oral Classroom Settings through Better Teachers’ Sociability. (MA thesis). Retrieved Nov 20, 2019, from http://80.246.8.22/theses/anglais/MAO1114.pdf.

McCroskey, J. C., Gudykunst, W. B., and Nishida, T. (1985). Communication apprehension among Japanese students in native and second language. Communication Research Reports, 2 (1), 11-15.

McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1990). Willingness to communicate: a cognitive view. A Special issue of the Joumal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5 (2), 21-37.

Nazara, S. (2011). Students' perception on EFL speaking skill development. JET, 1 (1), 28- 43.

Ohata, K. (2005). Language anxiety from the teachers' perspective: Interviews with seven experienced ESLEFL teachers. Journal of Language and Learning, 3 (1), 133-155.

Ramírez, V. A. (2010). Students' perception about the development of their oral skills in English as a foreign language: teacher training program. (MA thesis). Retrieved Jan 20, 2017, from repositorio.utp.edu.com.

Riasati, M. J. (2011). Language learning anxiety from EFL learners' perspective. Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research, 7 (6), 907-914

Richards, J.C., & Rodgers, T. (1986). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A Description and Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Subaşı, G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students’ anxiety in oral practice? Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 1 (2), 29-49.

Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in the target language. (MA thesis). Retrieved Dec 7, 2018, from http://www.asian-efl- journal.com/thesis_M_Tanveer.pdf.

Tóth, Z. (2011). Foreign language anxiety and advanced level learners: An interview study. WoPaLP, 5. Retrieved Aug 12, 2020, from langped.elte.hu.

Wilson, J. S. (2006). Anxiety in learning English as a foreign language: Its association with student variables, with overall proficiency, and with performance on an oral test. (Doctorial dissertation).Retrieved Oct 3, 2020, from www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-01

Issue

Section

Articles