Vitality of Moi Language: A Case Study of Moi Tribes in Southwest Papua, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1412.26Keywords:
language preference, language shift, language vitality, Moi languageAbstract
This study aims to explore the language preference of Moi tribe within family settings. It ultimately seeks to evaluate how these language choices affect the preservation of the Moi language in the multilingual environment of Southwest Papua. The research involves 300 participants, categorized by gender and age. Data were gathered through semi-structured interview questionnaires and observations. The results indicate that Indonesian is primarily used in family interactions. While the participants often engage in code-switching, the findings reveal that younger generations tend to be passive speakers of the Moi language, with some lacking even a basic comprehension of their mother tongue. Factors such as social context, peer relationships, and motivation play a significant role in shaping the language choices of the participants. Furthermore, the study indicates a clear shift from the Moi language to Indonesian in the linguistic practices of the participants.
References
Abdelsayed, I., & Bellinzona, M. (2024). Family Language Policies for Maintaining Arabic as a Home Language in Italy: The AHLI Project. Annali Di Ca Foscari Serie Orientale, 60(July), 5–40. https://doi.org/10.30687/AnnOr/2385-3042/2024/01/001.
Al-Khawaldeh, N. N., Alomoush, O. I., Al Khalaf, E. M., Almahameed, Y. S., & Jaradat, A. A. (2024). Language Maintenance: The Case of Modern Standard Arabic Among Bilinguals. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 15(2), 588–597. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1502.27
Alshammri, A. (2024). Second Language Maintenance Amongst Sojourner Saudi Families After Returning to Their Home Country. World Journal of English Language, 14(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n2p101.
Álvarez Mella, H., Blattner, C., & Gómez-Pavón Durán, A. (2023). Family expectations towards Spanish language maintenance and heritage language programs in Germany. Journal of World Languages, 9(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0060
Ariyani, F., Putrawan, G. E., Riyanda, A. R., Idris, A. R., Misliani, L., & Perdana, R. (2022). Technology and minority language: an Android-based dictionary development for the Lampung language maintenance in Indonesia. Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2021.2015088
Balaska, C. (2024). Family language policy in Italian transnational families in the UK: Influence of language ideologies on heritage language management. Ampersand, 13(August), 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100188.
Bhatt, R., & Bolonyai, A. (2022). Multilingualism as an Object of Sociolinguistic Description. Languages, 7(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040277
Bouchard, M.-E. (2022). The vitality of Angolar. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 37(1), 160–188. https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00089.bou
Bromham, L., Dinnage, R., Skirgård, H., Ritchie, A., Cardillo, M., Meakins, F., Greenhill, S., & Hua, X. (2022). Global predictors of language endangerment and the future of linguistic diversity. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 6(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01604-y
Bromham, L., Hua, X., Algy, C., & Meakins, F. (2020). Language endangerment: A multidimensional analysis of risk factors. Journal of Language Evolution, 5(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzaa002
Carpenter, C., Lyon, J., Thorogood, M., & Armstrong, J. (2024). Seeding Alignment Between Language Technology and Indigenous Methodologies: a decolonizing framework for endangered language revitalization. 3rd Annual Meeting of the ELRA-ISCA Special Interest Group on Under-Resourced Languages, SIGUL 2024 at LREC-COLING 2024 - Workshop Proceedings, 318–324.
Chan, B. H. S., & Chou, C. I. P. (2022). Translanguaging practices of Macau junior-one students in a remedial class. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00164-3
Chen, L. (2023). Assessing Language Vitality and Sustainability of Minor Chinese Dialects: A Case Study of Dapeng, a Hakka–Cantonese Mixed Dialect. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097478
Ting, C. J. (2024). The discursive construction of language ownership and responsibility for Indigenous language revitalisation. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 28(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12630
Connell, B., Griffiths, S., Martin, M., Hayward, L., & Zeitlyn, D. (2021). Language ecology, language endangerment, and relict languages: Case studies from Adamawa (Cameroon-Nigeria). Open Linguistics, 7(1), 244–300. https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0011
Costa, J. (2023). A materialist take on minoritization, emancipation, and language revitalization: Occitan sociolinguistics since the 1970s. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 27(4), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12618
Dołowy-Rybińska, N., & Hornsby, M. (2021). Attitudes and Ideologies in Language Revitalisation. Revitalizing Endangered Languages: A Practical Guide, 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641142.008
Edmonds, I. (2024). English Language Learners’ Attitudes Towards Bilingualism: Chicago Suburbs Case Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 15(3), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1503.01
Fitriati, A., & Wardani, M. M. S. (2020). Language Attitudes and Language Choice Among Students in Yogyakarta: a Case Study At Universitas Sanata Dharma. International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS), 3(2), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v3i2.2226
Flores Farfán, J. A., & Olko, J. (2021). Types of Communities and Speakers in Language Revitalization. Revitalizing Endangered Languages: A Practical Guide, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641142.007
Montroy, M. (2022). Multilingualism in Sao Tomé and Principe: Use of Subtitling Approach. Sustainable Multilingualism, 21(1), 26–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2022-0012
Gutierrez, A. T. (2022). The Language Shift from the Middle and Upper Middle-Class Families in the Kapampangan Speaking Region. Language, Discourse and Society, 10(2), 49–61.
Hameed, A. (2022). Mother, Mother Tongue, and Language Endangerment Process: An Exploratory Study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(4), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1204.13
Hansal, O., Le, N. T., & Sadat, F. (2022). Indigenous Language Revitalization and the Dilemma of Gender Bias. GeBNLP 2022 - 4th Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Workshop, 1, 244–254. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.gebnlp-1.25
Hassan, R., Ghazali, K., & Omar, A. H. (2015). Vitality of the Orang Asli languages in Gerik, Perak. Oceanic Linguistics, 54(2), 492–506. https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2015.0026
Ibrahim, I., Lukman, Gusnawaty, G., & Iswary, E. (2023). the Moi Language’s Maintenance Level and Transmission Pattern in Sorong, Southwest Papua. The Seybold Report, 18(8), 847–856.
Inan, S., Harris, Y., & Woodbury, G. (2024). Examining the Role of Parental Acculturation Strategies and Language Attitudes in Shaping Heritage Language Proficiency in Children of Turkish Descent in the United States. Journal of International Students, 14(4), 939–970. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i4.6589
Jamallullail, S. H., & Nordin, S. M. (2023). Ethnolinguistics Vitality Theory: The Last Stance for a Language Survival. Sustainable Multilingualism, 22(1), 27–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2023-0002
Jenkins, D. L. (2024). Shift Still Happens: Spanish Language Maintenance in the Face of Growth and Change in the Western United States. Languages, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9060205
Jung, S. J. (2023). Language shift and maintenance of the Korean community in Australia An update with the 2021 census. Korean Linguistics, 19(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1075/kl.00003.jun
Küün, E. (2015). Impact of change of the language environment on the extent of language shift in the context of linguistics. Trames, 19(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2015.1.05
Lane, P. (2023). From Silence to Silencing? Contradictions and Tensions in Language Revitalization. Applied Linguistics, 44(5), 833–847. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac075
Lee, N. H. (2020a). Peranakans in Singapore: Responses to language endangerment and documentation. Language Documentation and Conservation, SpecialIss(19), 123–140
Lee, N. H. (2020b). The Status of Endangered Contact Languages of the World. Annual Review of Linguistics, 6, 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030427
Lim, T. (2020). Ethnolinguistic notes on the language endangerment status of Mintil, an Aslian language of Malaysia. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 13(1), i–xiv.
Louf, T., Sánchez, D., & Ramasco, J. J. (2021). Capturing the diversity of multilingual societies. Physical Review Research, 3(4), 43146. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.043146
Lu, Y., Littell, P., & Rice, K. (2024). Empowering Oneida Language Revitalization: Development of An Oneida Verb Conjugator. 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024 - Main Conference Proceedings, 1, 5757–5767.
Mackiewicz, J. (2018). A Mixed-Method Approach. In Writing Center Talk over Time. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429469237-3
Mendieta, E. (2024). Language Attitudes in a Historic Latino Community: The Case of Spanish in Northwest Indiana. Languages, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9080263
Montroy, M. (2022). Multilingualism in Sao Tomé and Principe: Use of Subtitling Approach. Sustainable Multilingualism, 21(1), 26–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2022-0012
Nance, C. L., & Moran, D. (2022). Place identity and authenticity in minority language revitalisation: Scottish Gaelic in Glasgow. International Journal of Bilingualism, 26(5), 542–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221110382
Nursanti, E., & Andriyanti, E. (2021). Language identities of multilingual college English learners in Indonesia. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 316–337. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911403
Ouabi, O.-L., Pomarede, P., Declercq, N., Zeghidour, N., Geist, M., Pradalier, C., Declercq, N. F., & Edric Pradalier, C. ´. (2022). Learning the Propagation Properties of Plate-like Structures for Lamb Wave-based Mapping. Ultrasonics, 106705. https://doi.org/10.1177/ToBeAssigned
Peace-Hughes, T. (2022). Minority language education: Reconciling the tensions of language revitalisation and the benefits of bilingualism. Children and Society, 36(3), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12537
Qiu, C.-A., & Qiu, Z. (2022). Language Maintenance and Shift of a fangyan Group: The Case of Mid-Mountain Hakka in Hakka-Chaoshan Adjoining Areas. SAGE Open, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221132521
Ramonienė, M., & Ramonaitė, J. T. (2024). The Role of the Mother in Lithuanian Heritage Language Maintenance. Languages, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9070241
Ravindranath, M., & Cohn, A. C. (2014). Can a language with millions of speakers be endangered? Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 7(August), 64–75.
Slavkov, N. (2017). Family language policy and school language choice: pathways to bilingualism and multilingualism in a Canadian context. International Journal of Multilingualism, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1229319
Tawalbeh, A. (2019). Theoretical approaches and frameworks to language maintenance and shift research. Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies, 13(2), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201903051738
Ting, C. J. (2024). The discursive construction of language ownership and responsibility for Indigenous language revitalisation. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 28(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12630
van de Haar, A. (2022). Migrants’ Multilingual Coping Mechanisms. Queeste, 29(2), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.5117/que2022.2.003.haar
Wiltshire, B., Bird, S., & Hardwick, R. (2022). Understanding how language revitalisation works: a realist synthesis. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2134877
Yuan, X. (2022). Current research in bilingualism and bilingual education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1648379
Zhang, L., Tsung, L., & Qi, X. (2023). Home language use and shift in Australia: Trends in the new millennium. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(February), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096147
