Pragmatic Deviation of Grice’s Cooperative Principle in Trump’s Political Interview With the CNN News Channel

Authors

  • Muhammad H. Hamza Universiti Utara Malaysia
  • Nur R. Mohd. Nordin Universiti Utara Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1403.31

Keywords:

Donald Trump, conversational maxims, cooperative principle, political discourse, pragmatic deviation

Abstract

The present paper aims to investigate pragmatic deviation from Grice’s (1975, 1989) cooperative principle and conversational maxims in the previous United States president, Donald Trump’s political interview with CNN News Channel. The paper follows a qualitative approach in gathering and examining the data. An oral document that was captured from YouTube is followed in the current paper as instrumentation. This document, which is chosen purposefully, is an interview that was broadcast on CNN News Channel between Trump and reporter Cooper in 2016 before the election which Trump won. A discourse analysis method is utilized to study the coded transcript. Findings show that Trump deviates from Grice’s cooperative principle and conversational maxims. Also, the researchers argue that the reasons behind such deviation are (1) hiding the truth that could damage Trump’s image before the audience, (2) trivializing other’s claims to make the audience feel that these claims are silly, (3) refusing to share his own plans with others, (4) withholding his opinion about the US allies so as to keep strong relationships with them, (5) influencing the audience’s thinking about him by distorting the facts, (6) showing himself as the best candidate and should be elected as the US president.

Author Biographies

Muhammad H. Hamza, Universiti Utara Malaysia

School of Languages, Civilisation and Philosophy

Nur R. Mohd. Nordin, Universiti Utara Malaysia

School of Languages, Civilisation and Philosophy

References

Azizah, A. & Alpiah, D. (2018). An analysis of illocutionary acts performed in Donald Trump’s victory speech in the United States election 2016. Professional Journal of English Education, 1(3), 241-248.

Ayunon, C. (2018). Gricean maxims revisited in FB conversation posts: Its pedagogical implications. TESOL International Journal, 13(4), 82-95.

Bowen, G. (2005). Preparing a qualitative research-based dissertation: Lessons learned. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 208-222.

Castiglione, D. (2013). The channel of (mis)communication: Semantic and pragmatic deviances in two poems by Geoffrey Hill and Susan Howe. PALA 2013 Proceedings online (1-17). Pala. Retrieved April 23, 2022, from https://www.pala.ac.uk/uploads/2/5/1/0/25105678/castiglione_2013.pdf

Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.

Cristina, V. (2021). Conversational implicature analysis in TV Show" FRIENDS": pragmatic approach [Doctoral dissertation, University of Putera Batam]. Repository Upbatam Ac Id. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from http://repository.upbatam.ac.id/724/1/cover%20s.d%20bab%20III.pdf

Cruse, A. (2000). Meaning in language: An introduction to semantics and pragmatics. Oxford University Press.

Crystal, D. (1995). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge University Press.

Cutting, J. (2002). Pragmatics and discourse: A resource book for students. Routledge.

Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.

Faridah, S., Rustono, Nuryatin, N., & Mardikantoro, H. (2018). The violations of cooperative principle as the creativity of humour in Banjar Madihin art. ASSEHR, 247, 443-449.

Fraser, B. (1990). Perspectives on politeness. Journal of pragmatics, 14(2), 219–236.

Grice, P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Peter Cole, and Jerry Morgan (eds). Syntax and semantics, 3 Speech Acts. Academic Press, pp. 41-58.

Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.

Gusthini, M., Sobarna, C. and Amalia, R. (2018). A pragmatic study of speech as an instrument of power: analysis of the 2016 USA presidential debate. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(1), 97-113.

Hamza, M. & Abbood, H. (2020). Polysyndeton in Shakespeare's Othello: A case of grammatical deviation, International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(3), 104-114.

Hamza, M. & Nordin, N. (2023). Pragmatic deviation of politeness principle in Trump’s political speeches. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 4(4).

Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence” In: J.B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics. Selected readings (pp. 269-293). Penguin.

Iswahyuni, D. (2019). Conversational implicature in a drama Script By Sid River. Jurnal Bahasa Lingua Scientia, 11(2), 249-272.

Johnstone, B. (2018). Discourse analysis. Wiley-Blackwell.

Kachru, B. (1992). The other tongue. University of Illinois Press.

Kirell, N. & Miller, J. (2017 April 13). Video shows Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski grabbing reporter Michelle Fields. The Daily Beast. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://www.thedailybeast.com/video-shows-trump-campaign-manager-corey-lewandowski-grabbing-reporter-michelle-fields

Larasati, D., Arjulayana, and Srikandi, C. (2020). An analysis of the illocutionary acts on Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speech. Globish (An English-Indonesian journal for English, Education and Culture), 9(8), 7-13.

Leech, G. (2008). Language in literature: Style and foregrounding. Routledge.

Levinson, S. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.

Made, I. & Devi, S. (2022). On the observance of Grice’s maxims in Nathan Greno’s Movie script Tangled. PUSTAKA, 22(2), 102- 106.

Mariani, P., Budiarsa, M., & Widiastuti, N. (2019). Politeness principles in “Donald Trump’s election victory speech". Humanis, 23(2), 95-100.

Merriam, S. & Tisdell, E. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey Bass.

Mufiah, N., & Rahman, M. (2018). Speech acts analysis of Donald Trump’s speech. Professional Journal of English Education, 1(2), 125-132.

Muslah, A. (2015). Violating and flouting the cooperative principle in some selected short stories. Journal of Babylon University, 1(23), 62-71.

Ngenget, S. (2017). A revisit of the Gricean maxims in Manado Malay language. Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching, 2(2), 203-212.

Nur, M. (2018). Violation of Grice’s cooperative principle on the dialogue of The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen. Journal of Research on Applied Linguistics Language and Language Teaching, 2(1), 162-168.

Ogayi & Osondu, P. (2020). Violation of politeness maxims as a catalyst for tragedy: A study of Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Roses and Bullets. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 10(11), 1-12.

Ojukwu, C. and Osuchukwu, A. (2019). A pragmatic analysis of selected political speeches of Nelson Mandela. Journal of the English Scholars’ Association of Nigeria, 21(2), 63-86.

O'Keeffe, A., Clancy, B., & Adolphs, S. (2011). Introducing pragmatics in use. Routledge.

Polkinghorne, D. (2005). Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 137-145.

Pollack, J. (2017). Donald Trump and the future of U.S. leadership: Some observations on international order, East Asia, and the Korean Peninsula. {Paper presentation} in the 5th Korea Research Institute for National Strategy-Brookings Institution Joint Conference on "The Trump Administration in the United States and the Future of East Asia and the Korean Peninsula". Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/fp_20170208_jonathan_pollack_krins.pdf

Ren, C. and Yu, H. (2013). Language deviation in English advertising. Studies in Literature and Language, 7(2), 85-89.

Sclafani, J. (2018). Talking Donald Trump: A sociolinguistic study of style, metadiscourse, and political identity. Routledge.

Sidabutar, K. & Johan, M. (2022). Grice’s types of maxims in “Willoughbhys” Movie. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 10(1), 326-337.

Suryadi, H. & Muslim. (2019). An analysis of conversational implicature strategy in a drama “the bear” by Anton Chekhov and its application in ELT. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 7(2), 82-95.

Taylor, S. (2001). Evaluating and applying discourse analytic research. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. Yates (Eds.). Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 311-330). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Trump, D. (2017, March 11). CNN Town Hall with Donald Trump - Milwaukee, WI. [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mtv3L5eBVmw

Wales, K. (2011). A dictionary of stylistics. Longman.

Vanderstoep, S. and Johnston, D. (2009). Research methods for everyday life blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. Jossey- Bass.

Zidane, R. (2017). The exploitation of pragmatic deviation in literary discourse. Ulakbilge, 5(11), 507-531.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-29

Issue

Section

Articles