Transitivity and Modality Analysis of Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus’s Speeches on Handling COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1306.28Keywords:
transitivity, modality, speeches, COVID-19Abstract
Speech is one of the communication media that can be used to convey certain ideas and intentions of the speaker. The current study aims to analyze the use of transitivity and modality in Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus’s speeches on handling COVID-19 and interpret their meanings. Data comprises the transcripts of two speeches delivered at the media briefing on COVID-19 on 11 March 2020 and 1 April 2021 available on the World Health Organization website (www.who.int). The transcripts were then examined and evaluated using Halliday’s (1994) transitivity theory and Halliday's (1994) and Lock’s (1996) modality theories. The results reveal that the speeches made use of material, relational, mental, behavioral, verbal, and existential processes of transitivity, as well as potentiality/ability, obligation, usuality, inclination, and probability of modality. Depending on the contexts of speech, the use of transitivity and modality indicates certain interpretations of meaning. Moreover, this study contributes best practices to health socialization during the pandemic and gives a great impact on the public’s better understanding of how to properly handle COVID-19.
References
AbuAlhuda, A.S., & Alshboul, S. (2022). Persuasive strategies in two speeches of King Abdullah II about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(12), 2658-2668.
Anggun, S.K. (2016). An analysis of description text in English textbook using transitivity system. Journal of English and Education, 4(1), 147-158.
Ary, D., Jacobs., L. C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Chalimah, C., & Sumarlam, S. (2017). Power and self image through transitivity and modality: Systemic functional linguistic approach. Jurnal Lentera: Kajian Keagamaan, Keilmuan dan Teknologi, 3(1), 76-92.
Claria, D. A. K. (2018). Teks iklan komersial parfum untuk pria [Perfume commercial ad text for men]. Jurnal Kulturistik: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Budaya, 2(1), 103–109. doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.2.1.716
Claria, D. A. K. (2021). Leksikogramatika pada iklan parfum Power Musk [Lexicogrammatics in a Power Musk perfume Ad]. LINGUISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 6(1), 160-168.
Darong, H. C. (2021). Interpersonal function of Joe Biden’s victory speech (Systemic Functional Linguistics View). Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 5(1), 57-66. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i1.31420
Downing, A. (2015). English grammar: A university course. Routledge.
Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to sistemic functional linguistiics (2nd ed.). Continum International Publishing Group.
Fauzan, U. (2015). Transitivitas teks berita Tvone mengenai kasus luapan lumpur Sidoarjo [Transitivity of Tvone's news text regarding the Sidoarjo mudflow case]. Jurnal Pedagogik, 8(1), 1-18.
Fitri, N., Artawa, K., Satyawati, M. S., & Sawirman, S. (2021). Transitivitas dalam teks peradilan Indonesia: Kajian linguistik fungsional sistemik [Transitivity in Indonesian judicial texts: A systemic functional linguistic study]. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 4(2), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v4i2.116
Gusthini, M., Sobarna, C., & Amalia, R. M. (2018). A pragmatic study of speech as an instrument of power: Analysis of the 2016 USA presidential debate. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i1.6906.
Haeri, Z. (2021). Kajian sistem transitivitas pada teks Surat Al Insan sebagai wujud identitas budaya dalam membangun karakter bangsa [The study of the transitivity system in the text of Surah Al Insan as a form of cultural identity in building national character]. Nusantara, 3(1), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.36088/nusantara.v3i1.1416.
Hajar, Y. (2021). Transitivitas film “Pada Zaman Dahulu” di Mnctv dan relevansinya dengan pembelajaran teks fabel di sekolah [The transitivity of the film "Pada Zaman Dahulu" on Mnctv and its relevance to learning fable texts in schools]. Jurnal Ilmiah Korpus, 5(2). 175-182. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jik.v5i2.16111
Hakim, L. (2016). Transitivitas dalam teks Bangke Oros dan relevansinya terhadap pembelajaran bahasa di SMA [Transitivity in Bangke Oros text and its relevance to language learning in high school]. Mabasan, 10(1), 46-67. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mab.v10i1.78.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.). Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K., & Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. (2014). Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar (4th ed.). Routledge.
Helena, W. M., Yulianto, B., & Kisyani. (2021). Pidato Nadiem Makarim dalam Seri Merdeka Belajar: Analisis wacana kritis situasi sosial dan ideologi [Nadiem Makarim's speech in the Seri Merdeka Belajar: Analysis of critical discourse on social and ideological situations]. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(2), 220-224.
Hemas, S. M. & Ariyanti, L. (2016). Transitivity and ideology in Emma Watson’s speech for the Heforshe campaign (Critical discourse analysis). Language Horizon, 4(2), 27-37.
Hidayat, T., Nababan, M., & Djatmika. (2019). The shift process in transitivity system on Obama's and Trump's inauguration speech: A translation study. Humaniora, 211-220
Jannatussholihah, S., & Triyono, S. (2020). Power in Indonesian presidential speeches: an analysis of linguistic modality. LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra, 15(2), 239 - 252. doi: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v15i2.8471.
Kusumawardani, W. S., & Laksana, I. K. D. (2020). Sistem transitivitas dalam teks pidato pelantikan presiden republik Indonesia Joko Widodo [The transitivity system in the text of the inauguration speech of the president of the republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo]. Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 27(1), 69-79. doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i01.p08
Liani, A.E., Annidi, A., & Wirza, Y. (2021). Transitivity analysis of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential victory speech concerning COVID 19. In Wirza (Eds.), Proceedings of the thirteenth conference on applied linguistics (Conaplin 2020) (pp. 7-13). Indonesia University of Education.
Lock, G. 1996. Functional English grammar: An introduction for second language teacher. Cambridge University Press.
Luo, Y. (2020). Analysis of the Queen's speech on COVID-19 from the perspective of transitivity. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11(6), 7-10.
Nurrahmah, N., Wirduna, W., Yusri, Y., & Subhayni, S. (2020). Transitivitas pada teks cerpen harian Kompas: Kajian linguistik fungsional sistemik) [Transitivity in Kompas daily short story text: Systemic functional linguistic study)]. Jurnal Dedikasi Pendidikan, 4(1), 150-158.
Ong’onda, N.A. (2016). Transitivity analysis of newspaper headlines on terrorism attack in Kenya: A case study of Westgate Mall, Nairobi. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 6(7), 59-70.
Oriza, F.R. (2017). The Depiction of Islamic princess in children’s books: A transitivity analysis [Unpublished undergraduate’s thesis]. Universtitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Pionery, H., & Isti’anah, A. (2017). Modality analysis in Melania Trump’s and Ivanka Trump’s campaign speeches in republican national convention, July 19th, 2016. Journal of Language and Literature, 17(1), 24–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.2017.170104.
Pratiwi, A. S. (2016). Analisis transitivitas novel L'eternita di Roma dan Cinta Selamanya: Perspektif linguistik sistemik fungsional [Analysis of the transitivity of the novel L'eternita di Roma and Cinta Selamanya: A functional systemic linguistic perspective]. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya IV (pp. 249-256). Surakarta, Indonesia.
Qian, D. D., & Pan, M. (2019). Politeness in business communication: Investigating English modal sequences in Chinese learners’ letter writing. RELC Journal, 50(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730142.
Rahayu, F., Susilo, S., & Sunardi, S. (2018). Persuasive power as reflected by rhetorical styles in political speeches: a comparative study of Barrack Obama and John McCain. CALLs (Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics), 4(2), 115-122. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v4i2.1360.
Riztya, R. (2019). Transitivity shift in the twits’ English and its Indonesian translated versions. Esensia Lingua, 1(1), 74-85.
Sihura, M. (2019). Transitivity process in Frozen movie: A study of systemic functional grammar. International Journal of Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2(2). 79-85. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/ ijsfl.2.2.1480.79-85.
Sinar, T. S. (2012). Teori dan Analisis Wacana: Pendekatan linguistik sistemik fungsional) [Discourse theory and analysis: systemic functional linguistic approach).CV Mitra Medan.
Sugianto, A. (2020). Transivitas teks mantra Warok Aji Gebyagan pada Paguyuban Reyog Ponorogo [Transitivity of the text of the spell Warok Aji Gebyakan at the Reog Ponorogo Association]. Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan, 8(1), 85-95.
Suryatini, K. L. (2014). Analysis of English transitivity process with reference to the Witch of Portobello by Paulo Coelho, Humanis, 8(3), 1-8.
Sutrisno, I., & Wiendijarti, I. (2015). Kajian retorika untuk pengembangan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan berpidato [Rhetoric studies to develop speech knowledge and skills]. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 12(1), 70-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v12i1.359
Thompson, G. (2014). Introducing functional grammar. Routledge.
Unicef.org. (2021). Hoaks membunuh ayahku [Hoax killed my father]. Retrieved October 5, 2021 from https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/coronavirus/cerita/hoaks-membunuh ayahku-menyingkap-pandemi-lain-di-indonesia
Wang, J. (2010). A critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama’s speeches. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(1), 254-261.
Yuwana, R. (2019). The strategies of humor material creation: Transitivity analysis. LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 4(1), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v4i1.1478
Yuwana, R. Y., Santosa, R., & Sumarlam, S. (2019). New variation of Indonesian humor using language experience. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 5(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v5i1.6333
Zhang, Y. (2017). Transitivity analysis of Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s first television debate. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 6(7), 65-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.65.
