The Spread of English Language Elements During the COVID-19 Period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1212.14Keywords:
COVID-19,, English language, borrowings, phrases, changesAbstract
The global pandemic COVID-19 has made a large difference in our minds and lives. Changes related to COVID-19 have had a significant impact on the Kazakh linguistic community as well. This paper considers the emergence of new concepts associated with greetings, color, education and linguistic changes in Kazakh linguistic society during COVID-19. The main purpose of this study is to show that some concepts related to greeting, education and learning, and ways of using colors have new content and a new quality. The research findings revealed that new words related to greetings, colors, and education had come into the language by the calque (translation-loan) method, and the elements of the English language indicate the flexibility to update the language structure. The study showed the emergence of new calque phrases caused by COVID-19, such as shyntakpen amandasy, kyzyl aymak, sary aymak, zhasyl aymak, ZOOMga shygu, and ZOOMmen otkizu; some of them have new semantic characteristics.
References
Abisheva, V., Mazhitayeva, S., Khairova, G., Kozhahmetova, L. & Khassenov, B. (2017). Phenomenon of tolerance in the information society. European Journal of Science and Theology, 13(4), 111-121.
Alliheibi, F.M., Omar, A. & Al-Horais, N. (2021). The reproduction of the gothic motifs of Frankenstein in the COVID-19 journalistic discourse: A corpus-based critical discourse analysis approach. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(3), 1129-1140.
Alimbay, N. (ed.) (2011). Traditional system of ethnographic categories, concepts and names of Kazakhs. The Encyclopedia. Almaty: DPS.
Al-Salman S. & Haider A.S. (2021). COVID-19 trending neologisms and word formation processes in English. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 25(1), 24-42. doi: 10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-24-42
Abkarian, M. & Stone, H.A. (2020). Stretching and break-up of saliva filaments during speech: a route for pathogen aerosolization and its potential mitigation. Phys. Rev. Fluids, 5.
Asadi, S., Wexler, A.S., Cappa, C.D., Barreda, S., Bouvier, N.M. & Ristenpart, W.D. (2020). Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech. PLoS One, 15(1). e0227699
Azharbekova, E.N., Mazhitayeva, S., Omasheva, Z.M., Talaspaeva, Z. & Zhetpisbay, S. (2020). Paroemias as explication of human qualities in the English language. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(6), 1-12. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n628
Bielenia-Grajewska, M. (2009). Linguistic Borrowing in the English Language of Economics. Lexis, 3. https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.643
Bloomfield, L. (1968). Language. Moscow: Progress.
Carter, R., Goddard, A., Reah D., Sangler K. & Bowring, M. (2001). Working with texts: a core introduction to language analysis. London: Routledge.
Georgiou, G.P., Georgiou, C. & Kilani, A. (2021). How the language we speak determines the transmission of COVID-19. Ir J Med Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02500-3
Kaskatayeva, Z.A., Mazhitayeva, Sh., Omasheva, Z.M., Nygmetova, N. & Kadyrov, Z. (2020). Color categories in different Linguistic Cultures. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(6), 1-13. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n614
Kharitonchik, Z. A. (1992). Lexicology of the English language. Minsk: Higher school.
Khassenov, B., Adilova, A., Takirov, S. & Kaukerbekova, B. (2021). A new vision of numerical symbolism in calendar and life cycles. European Journal of Science and Theology, 1(17), 93-102.
Khassenov, B. (2021). Sound Symbolism in the Proto-Turkic Language. 3 L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 27(1), 102-114. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2021-2701-08
Informburo (n.d.). Kazakhstan has risen one position in the ranking of English proficiency, taking 92nd place out of 100. Retrieved November 17, 2020 from https://informburo.kz/novosti/kazahstan-podnyalsya-na-odnu-poziciyu-v-reytinge-vladeniya-angliyskim-yazykom-zanyav-92-e-mesto-iz-100.html
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). A new swine virus has been discovered that poses a danger to humans. Retrieved May 15, 2018 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/obnaruzhen-novii-svinoi-virus-predstavlyaushchii-opasnost-dlya-cheloveka
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). Kazakhstanis are advised to limit trips to the Chinese province of Hubei, where the coronavirus is raging. Retrieved January 21, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/kazahstantsam-sovetuut-ogranichit-poezdki-v-kitaiskuu-provintsiu-hubei-gde-bushuet-koronovirus
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). UEFA has banned football players and referees from shaking hands before the game because of the coronavirus. Retrieved March 11, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/sport/uefa-zapretil-futbolistam-i-sudyam-rukopozhatiya-pered-igroi-iz-za-koronavirusa
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). Four negative - tests of those who came into contact with a Kazakhstani woman who died from COVID19. Retrieved March 18, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/chetire-otritsatelnih--analizi-kontaktirovavshih-s-umershei-ot-covid19--kazahstankoi
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). Checkpoints at entrances and exits. Retrieved April 2, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/search/?query=%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85&x=0&y=0
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). The condition of asymptomatic carriers of CVI will be monitored online in Nur-Sultan. Retrieved June 13, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/sostoyanie-bessimptomnih-nositelei-kvi-budut-otslezhivat-onlain-v-nur-sultane
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). The battle with the disease offline and online. Retrieved July 1, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/articles/view/bitva-s-boleznu-oflain-i-onlain
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). The bride in Uralsk, the groom in South Korea - the online wedding was played by Kazakhstanis. Retrieved July 18, 2020 from https://kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/nevesta-v-uralske-zhenih-v-uzhnoi-koree---onlain-svadbu-sigrali-kazahstantsi
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). Work on bugs. Retrieved July 20, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/articles/view/rabota-nad-oshibkami7
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). More creative ideas. Retrieved August 17, 2020 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/articles/view/bolshe-kreativnih-idei
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). Carelessness is dangerous. Retrieved September 9, 2020 from https://e.mail.ru/attach/16337841590838589301/0%3B1/?x-
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (n.d.). The ‘red’ zone for coronavirus is narrowing in Kazakhstan. Retrieved September 17, 2021 from https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/obshchestvo/krasnaya-zona-po-koronavirusu-suzhaetsya-v-kazahstane
Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Age International.
Mazhitaeva, Sh., Rapisheva Z., Khan, N., Ayazbaeva, B., Rahymberlina, S. & Abduyov, M. (2014a). On the problem of loan terms in kazakh terminology. Life Science Journal, 11(4), 365-369.
Moskvin, V.P. (2015). Methods and techniques of linguistic analysis. Moscow: Flint.
Nurbayani, S., & Dede, M. (2022). The Effect of COVID-19 on White-Collar Workers: The DPSIR Model and Its Semantic Aspect in Indonesia. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 10(3), 73-88. doi: 10.22034/ijscl.2022.550921.2592
Tan, K.H., Woods, P., Azman, H., Abdullah, I., Hashim, R., Abdul Rahim, H., Mohd Said, N. E., Said, M., Lew, R., Kosem, I. & Hua, K. (2020). COVID-19 insights and linguistic methods. 3 L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 26, 1-23. 10.17576/3 L-2020-2602-01.
Trubachev, O.N. (2004). Works on etymology. Word. History. Culture. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Tyrrell, D.A. & Fielder, M. (2002). Cold Wars: The Fight Against the Common Cold. Oxford University Press. p. 96
Wild, K. (July 15, 2020). Using corpora to track the language of Covid-19: update 2. OED. Retrieved July 15, 2020 from https://public.oed.com/blog/using-corpora-to-track-the-language-of-covid-19-update-2/