Belonging to Nowhere: A Psychological Study of Alienation and Estrangement in Ramabai Espinet's “The Swinging Bridge” (2003)

Authors

  • Salam Hussein Yahya Cihan University- Sulaimaniya
  • Manimangai Mani Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Ida Baizura Binti Bahar Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Mohammad Ewan Awang Universiti Putra Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1207.07

Keywords:

estrangement, alienation, double diaspora, in-betweenness, belonging

Abstract

Diaspora communities feel alienated because they cannot decide which space they belong to. The notions of identity and home are problematized and characterized by a sense of continuity and discontinuity, a conflict of location and dislocation and a process of hybridization. Espinet's The Swinging Bridge (2003) resembles outstanding indication of the psychological conflict that happens in the mind of the diaspora. Feelings, homes and identities are indeed swinging and cannot be certain to belong to a certain space or time. The question that is raised in this paper shows that there is no fixed home for a diaspora to belong to. This is due to a psychological clash between homes, identities, cultures, politics and many other factors that reconstruct and help in the formation of a hybrid identity that belongs to none in particular and cannot be accepted in all. So, this identity starts swinging between homes and cultures. The idea of 'bridge' in Espinet's The Swinging Bridge, is no more than an illusion and a dream that the writer tries to present as a solution for this dilemma of estrangement. 

Author Biographies

Salam Hussein Yahya, Cihan University- Sulaimaniya

Department of General Education

Manimangai Mani, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Department of English

Ida Baizura Binti Bahar, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Department of English

Mohammad Ewan Awang, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Department of English

References

Bhat, C., & Bhaskar, T. (2007). Contextualising Diasporic Identity: Implications of Time and Space on Telugu Immigrants. G. Oonk içinde, Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory (s. 89-119).

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Clark, P. (2004). "The Swinging Bridge Review". College Quarterly. College Quarterly Online Site. 21 March 2022.

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Espinet, R. (2003). The Swinging Bridge. Toronto: Harper.

Meir, S., & Svetlana B. (2005). Estrangement Revisited, part I. Durham: Duke University Press، https://www.dukeupress.edu/estrangement-revisited, Part II: Part I, Fr. 19.90, 01.02.2006

Solbiac, R. (2012). Revising Female Indian Memory: Ramabai Espinet’s Reconstruction of an Indo-Trinidadian Diaspora in The Swinging Bridge. In Critical Perspectives on Indo-Caribbean Women's Literature (pp. 241-264). Routledge.

Solbiac, R. (2015). Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge as a Refunctioning of Neil Bissoondath's A Casual Brutality and The Worlds Within Her. International Journal of Canadian Studies, 51, 57-68.

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Published

2022-07-04

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Section

Articles