Probing Language Usage of Legal Cases in Indonesia’s Social Media: A Study of Judgement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1603.28Keywords:
appraisal, legal case, social media, judgmentAbstract
This study is qualitative research that will describe the indicators and targets of character and moral evaluation in legal cases of language usage in social media in Indonesia. The data of this research is in the form of language usage at the level of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences from social media which become evidence in legal cases in court order status or restorative justice from 18 jurisdictions in Indonesia. The approach used in this study is the attitude of judgment or character evaluation in appraisal theory, especially about personal and moral judgment. The indicator of personal judgments consists of criticism and moral/legal judgments that contain condemnation or blame. These indicators are expressed directly and implied through verbal, adjective, noun, and adverbial phrases, and metaphors. They reflected negative attitudes which are related to negative actions and behaviors, hatred, and fears directed towards individuals, groups or professionals, institutions or organizations, and situations as the evaluation targets. The findings of this study indicate a high use of criticism and condemnation towards others on Indonesian social media language crime. Overall, evidence of language crime on Indonesian social media can provide insights into societal attitudes and values that reflect moral degradation.
References
Adebomi, O. O. (2024). Surviving covid-19: A multimodal discourse analysis of new media covid-19 vaccination-related pictorials. Language and Semiotic Studies, 10(2), 290–315. https://doi.org/10.1515/lass-2023-0035
Ali, J. H. (2020). Forensic linguistics: A study in criminal speech acts. Beni-Suef University International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 39–65. https://doi.org/10.21608/buijhs.2020.91333
Amin, K., Alfarauqi, M. D. A., & Khatimah, K. (2018). Social media, cyber hate, and racism. Komuniti: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Teknologi Informasi, 10(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v10i1.5613
Anjum, & Katarya, R. (2024). Hate speech, toxicity detection in online social media: A recent survey of state of the art and opportunities. International Journal of Information Security, 23(1), 577–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00755-2
Cash, P., Isaksson, O., Maier, A., & Summers, J. (2022). Sampling in design research: Eight key considerations. Design Studies, 78, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2021.101077
Chan, M. (2015). Multimodal connectedness and quality of life: Examining the influences of technology adoption and interpersonal communication on well-being across the life span. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12089
Correa, M. (2013). Forensic linguistics: An overview of the intersection and interaction of language and law. Studies About Languages, 23, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.23.5020
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (Fifth Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Gabriels, K., & De Backer, C. J. S. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.065
Girardin, T., Roult, R., Sirost, O., & Machemehl, C. (2020). Social media and convergence culture: A scoping review of the literature on north American basketball. Sage Open, 10(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020949203
Hall, J. A. (2018). When is social media use social interaction? Defining mediated social interaction. New Media & Society, 20(1), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816660782
Hallinan, B., & Brubaker, J. R. (2021). Living with everyday evaluations on social media platforms. International Journal of Communication, 15, 1551–1569.
Hurt, M., & Grant, T. (2019). Pledging to harm: A linguistic appraisal analysis of judgment comparing realized and non-realized violent fantasies. Discourse & Society, 30(2), 154–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926518816195
Isnain, A. R., Sihabuddin, A., & Suyanto, Y. (2020). Bidirectional long short term memory method and word2vec extraction approach for hate speech detection. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems), 14(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.51743
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Kareem, R., & Farhan, H. (2022). The language of evaluation in Jose Saramago’s Blindness via appraisal theory. International Linguistics Research, 5(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v5n1p25
Kearns, C., Sinclair, G., Black, J., Doidge, M., Fletcher, T., Kilvington, D., Liston, K., Lynn, T., & Rosati, P. (2023). A scoping review of research on online hate and sport. Communication & Sport, 11(2), 402–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795221132728
Martin, J. R., & Rose, D. (2003). Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511910
Matamoros-Fernández, A., & Farkas, J. (2021). Racism, hate speech, and social media: A systematic review and critique. Television & New Media, 22(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420982230
McEachrane, M. (2009). Emotion, meaning, and appraisal theory. Theory & Psychology, 19(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354308101418
Moleong, L. J. (2019). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif [Qualitative research methodology]. Rosda.
Neumann, D., & Rhodes, N. (2024). Morality in social media: A scoping review. New Media & Society, 26(2), 1096–1126. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231166056
Nuraflah, C. A., Nasution, A., Siregar, F. A., & Pane, A. S. (2021). Peningkatan Pemahaman Undang-Undang Informasi Teknologi Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Media Sosial kepada Siswa di SMPN 42 Kota Medan [Improving Understanding of Information Technology Law Number 19 of 2016 Regarding Social Media for Students at SMPN 42 Kota Medan]. RESWARA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.46576/rjpkm.v2i1.643
Putra, S. K., Setia, E., Lubis, S., & Gustianingsih, G. (2023). The use of the word taboo on social media: A forensic linguistic study. Jurnal Education and Development, 11(1), 468–472. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v11i1.2363
Seargeant, P., Giaxoglou, K., & Monaghan, F. (2023). Political activism in the linguistic landscape. Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22679692
Seargeant, P., & Tagg, C. (Eds.). (2014). The language of social media: identity and community on the internet. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137029317
Segado-Boj, F., & Díaz-Campo, J. (2020). Social media and its intersections with free speech, freedom of information and privacy. An analysis. Revista ICONO14 Revista Científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías Emergentes, 18(1), 231–255. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v18i1.1379
Spradley, J. P. (1997). Metode Etnografi [The Ethnographic Interview] (Misbah Zulfa Elizabeth, Translator). Tiara Wacana Yogya.
Sutopo, H. B. (2006). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif: Dasar teori dan terapannya dalam penelitian [Qualitative research methodology: Theoretical foundations and applications in research]. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
van Dijck, J., & Poell, T. (2015). Social media and the transformation of public space. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115622482
Wang, Y., Dai, Y., Li, H., & Song, L. (2021). Social media and attitude change: Information booming promote or resist persuasion? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.596071
Watt, H. J. (2010). How does the use of modern communication technology influence language and literacy development? A review. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 37(Fall), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_36_F_141
White, P. (2000). Dialogue and inter-subjectivity: Reinterpreting the semantics of modality and hedging. In M. Coulthard, J. Cotterill, & F. Rock (Eds.), Dialog analysis VII: Working with dialog (pp. 67–80). Max Niemeyer Verlag.
White, P. R. R. (2015). Appraisal theory. In K. Tracy, C. Ilie, & T. Sandel (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction (First Edition, pp. 1–7). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi041
