Designing a Theory-Driven Multimodal Vocabulary Learning Module for Chinese EFL Learners

Authors

  • Yaqiong Meng Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Supyan Hussin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Harwati Hashim Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1603.15

Keywords:

multimodal learning, vocabulary instructional design, Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR), Sidek Module Development Model, module design

Abstract

This study presents the design of a theory-driven multimodal vocabulary learning module developed for first-year non-English majors at a Chinese application-oriented university. Drawing upon Multimodal Literacy Framework, Discourse-Based Instruction, and the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) model, the module aims to enhance learners’ productive vocabulary knowledge through structured, scaffolded instruction that integrates visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and textual modalities. The development process followed the Sidek Module Development Model, encompassing comprehensive steps from needs analysis to content selection, strategy integration, and instructional sequencing. Each activity within the module was explicitly aligned with the GRR instructional stages ("I do, We do, You do") to promote gradual learner autonomy in vocabulary output. The resulting module features a combination of vocabulary presentation, collaborative tasks, discourse-based reading, and multimodal production assignments such as storytelling and digital design. The study details the design rationale, theoretical underpinnings, and pedagogical structure of the module, providing a replicable framework for EFL educators seeking to foster productive vocabulary development in low-proficiency learners. While no empirical data are presented in this paper, the module is positioned for future classroom validation and practical adaptation across applied university settings.

Author Biographies

Yaqiong Meng, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Faculty of Education

Supyan Hussin, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Faculty of Education

Harwati Hashim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Faculty of Education

References

Aedo, P., & Millafilo, C. (2022). Increasing vocabulary acquisition and retention in EFL young learners through the use of multimodal texts (memes). Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 24(2), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.18312

Al-Jarf, R. (2023). Multimodal teaching and learning in the EFL college classroom. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 6(4), 68-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2024.6.4.7

Argyriou, M., & Tapsis, N. (2025). Reframing multimodality in contemporary education: A critical review of research patterns and pedagogical shifts. European Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejoe.v10i3.6106

Bai, Yijia. (2023). English vocabulary learning strategies of undergraduates from a multimodal perspective. Advances in Education, 13(06), 3229–3233. https://doi.org/10.12677/AE.2023.136509

Bansong, K., Poopatwiboon, S., & Sukying, A. (2023). The effects of multimodal teaching on English vocabulary knowledge of Thai primary school students. Journal of Education and Learning, 12(6), 46. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v12n6p46

Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6

Caro, K., & Mendinueta, N. R. (2017). Lexis, lexical competence and lexical knowledge: a review. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 8(2).

Coxhead, A. (2025). Vocabulary and English for Specific Purposes. In The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (pp. 107–123). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119985068.ch6

Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2021). Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility. ASCD.

Fu, C. (2024). Discussion on the reform and practice of college English teaching in application-oriented undergraduate institutions under the background of ‘golden course’. Journal of Educational Theory and Practice, 1(4), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.62177/jetp.v1i4.89

Gee, J. P. (2008). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Huang, W. (2025). Unveiling the power of multi-modality in literacy learning: Navigating literacy education in Chinese cultural contexts. International Journal of Education and Research, 13(6).

Hyland, K. (2014). English for Academic Purposes. In The Routledge Companion to English Studies. Routledge.

Jewitt, C. (2008). Multimodality and literacy in school classrooms. Review of Research in Education, 32(1), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X07310586

Jia, W. (2024). Digital game-based learning’s effectiveness on EFL learners’ receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. Language Learning & Technology, 28(1).

Jiang, Y. (2020). Study on the development of critical thinking in college English teaching in application-oriented university. In 7th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2020) (pp. 13-18). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.293

Kress, G. R., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. Hodder Education.

Lai, C., & Wang, Q. (2025). Profiles of media use purpose in informal digital learning of English and their association with vocabulary knowledge. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2501705

Laufer, B. (2005). Focus on form in second language vocabulary learning. EUROSLA Yearbook, 5(1), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.5.11lau

Laufer, B., & Nation, P. (1999). A vocabulary-size test of controlled productive ability. Language Testing, 16(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1191/026553299672614616

Liang, Y. (2021). Research on current situation and countermeasures of English teaching in independent colleges—Based on application-oriented universities transformation. In Proceedings of the 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.005

Madihie, A., & Noah, S. M. (2013). An Application of the Sidek Module Development in Rebt Counseling Intervention Module Design for Orphans. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1481–1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.777

Mayer, R. E. (Ed.). (2005). The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press.

Meng, Q., Liu, W., & Lv, Y. (2023). Research on the teaching reform of translation online course for business English majors in application-oriented universities—A case study of S university. SHS Web of Conferences, 159, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315901005

Muhammad Nur Iman, & Nurasia Natsir. (2025). Translanguaging pedagogies in digital learning environments: Fostering multilingual competence among generation Z learners. Proceeding of The International Conference of Inovation, Science, Technology, Education, Children, and Health, 5(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.62951/icistech.v5i1.268

Nation, I. S. P. (2006). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language (8th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Paivio, A. (2014). Mind and Its Evolution: A Dual Coding Theoretical Approach. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315785233

Pan, R. (2023). The role of receptive/orthographic vocabulary, productive/orthographic vocabulary, productive/phonological vocabulary and depth of vocabulary in predicting reading-to-write performance. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-10027-8

Qiann, L., Mai, J., & Marie, P. A. (2025). Discourse-Based English Instructional Model: A Lesson from Pedagogical Discourse Analysis and Communicative Approaches. Ecolingua: Journal of Linguistics and Language Instruction, 1(1), 1-13.

Scandurra, R., Kelly, D., Fusaro, S., Cefalo, R., & Hermannsson, K. (2024). Do employability programmes in higher education improve skills and labour market outcomes? A systematic review of academic literature. Studies in Higher Education, 49(8), 1381–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2265425

Schmitt, N., Nation, P., & Kremmel, B. (2020). Moving the field of vocabulary assessment forward: The need for more rigorous test development and validation. Language Teaching, 53(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000326

Simmons, S. E. (2012). The Origins and Descriptions of ADDIE. http://www.shelbyesimmons.me/uploads/1/0/4/1/10414302/simmonsseaddiepaper.pdf

Teng, M. F. (2023). The effectiveness of multimedia input on vocabulary learning and retention. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 17(3), 738–754. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2022.2131791

Teng, M., & Xu, J. (2022). Pushing vocabulary knowledge from receptive to productive mastery: Effects of task type and repetition frequency. Language Teaching Research, 29(2), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688221077028

Wakasa, D. B. (2024). Discourse Analysis and its Role in Enhancing ESL LearnersReading Comprehension Competencies: A Literature Review. Journal of Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.69897/jofhscs.v2i2.118

Wan, C., Abdullah, A. N., Bolong, J., Habil, H., & Nimehchisalem, V. (2025). Effect of baicizhan application on English vocabulary knowledge on non-English major university students. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 15(02), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2025.152012

Webb, S., & Nation, P. (2017). How Vocabulary is Learned. Oxford University Press.

Xu, M., & Zhang, C. (2021). A study on curriculum reform of business English in application-oriented universities in the new era. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Modern Education Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Social Science (MEMIESS 2021) (pp. 251-255). Atlantis Press.

Zainudin, A. Z., Yunus, N. M., Zakaria, S. R. A., & Mohsin, A. (2021). Design for sustainability integration in education. In Design for Sustainability (pp. 139–169). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819482-9.00002-2

Zhao, X., Wang, L., & Chen, L. (2024). Industry and Education Integration for Chinese University of Applied Science and Technology, Based on the Triple Helix Theory. In 3rd International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2023) (pp. 316-328). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-214-9_38

Downloads

Published

2026-03-17

Issue

Section

Articles