Blended Learning in EFL Contexts: Lecturers' Perceptions and Its Effect on Students’ Performance in Indonesian Higher Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1601.33Keywords:
English Language Teaching, online learning, offline learning, digital pedagogy, speakingAbstract
The main objective of this study was to explore English lecturers' perceptions of blended learning (BL) and its impact on learner performance in three universities on Madura Island, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, eight EFL lecturers from three universities participated in the study. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to understand the effectiveness, implementation experiences, and challenges of the model. The results of this study indicated that lecturers had a positive perception of BL, especially regarding its ability to increase student engagement and learning flexibility. However, some challenges remain, such as limited technological infrastructure, difficulties in preparing online materials, and low motivation among students to actively engage in online learning. The effect of BL on students' writing and listening skills was positive, but their speaking and reading skills still required further improvement. This study recommends increasing technology training for lecturers, strengthening the digital infrastructure, and designing a curriculum that synchronises online and face-to-face learning proportionally.
References
Alamri, H. A., Watson, S., & Watson, W. (2021). Learning Technology Models that Support Personalisation within Blended Learning Environments in Higher Education. TechTrends, 65(1), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00530-3
Albatti, H. (2023). Blended Learning in English Language Teaching and Learning: A Focused Study on a Reading and Vocabulary-Building Course. World Journal of English Language, 13(5), 121. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p121
Ambert, A.-M., Adler, P. A., Adler, P., & Detzner, D. F. (1995). Understanding and Evaluating Qualitative Research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(4), 879. https://doi.org/10.2307/353409
Attard, C., & Holmes, K. (2022). An exploration of teacher and student perceptions of blended learning in four secondary mathematics classrooms. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 34(4), 719–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-020-00359-2
Barfi, K. A., Arkorful, V., Appiah, F., Agyapong, E. M., & Acheampong, E. (2023). The impact of blended learning on students using the IBOX platform: Initial perspectives of teachers. Heliyon, 9(3), e14297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14297
De Bruijn-Smoulders, M., & Prinsen, F. R. (2024). Effective student engagement with blended learning: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(23), e39439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39439
DeMolder, J., Wiseman, D., Graham, C., & Hill, C. (2023). Toward Blended Language Learning Frameworks. CALICO Journal, 40(2), 248–237. https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.22364
Geng, S., Law, K. M. Y., & Niu, B. (2019). Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0
Heilporn, G., Lakhal, S., & Bélisle, M. (2021). An examination of teachers’ strategies to foster student engagement in blended learning in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00260-3
Holovatska, N. (2023). Impact of blended learning on studying English as a Foreign Language. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics. https://doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2023.10.1.hol
Jiang, L. (2024). Factors influencing EFL teachers’ implementation of SPOC-based blended learning in higher vocational colleges in China: A study based on grounded theory. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(3), 859–878. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2100428
Kumar, A., Krishnamurthi, R., Bhatia, S., Kaushik, K., Nayyar, A. A., & Masud, M. (2021). Blended Learning Tools and Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis. IEEE Access, 9, 85151–85197. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3085844
Li, S., & Wang, W. (2022). Effect of blended learning on student performance in K‐12 settings: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(5), 1254–1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12696
Mills, J., & Birks, M. (2014). Qualitative Methodology: A Practical Guide. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473920163
Montero Perez, M. (2022). The process of learning a second or foreign language involves observing audio-visual content and the significance of on-screen text. Language Teaching, 55(2), 163–192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444821000501
Mulingtapang, L. G., Isubol, J. K., Lapidez, M. L., Papelleras, D. K., San Juan, Ma. G., & De Borja, J. M. (2025). Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of Blended Learning on Learning Engagement and Motivation. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 3(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.60132/jip.v3i1.462
Müller, C., & Mildenberger, T. (2021). Facilitating flexible learning by replacing classroom time with an online learning environment: A systematic review of blended learning in higher education. Educational Research Review, 34, 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100394
Rahman, M. M. ur. (2021). Using Blended Approach for EFL Learning: A Step towards 21st Century Classrooms. World Journal of English Language, 11(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v11n2p13
Thai, N. T. T., De Wever, B., & Valcke, M. (2020). Face-to-face, blended, flipped, or online learning environment? Impact on learning performance and student cognitions. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(3), 397–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12423
Tong, D. H., Uyen, B. P., & Ngan, L. K. (2022). The effectiveness of blended learning on students’ academic achievement, self-study skills and learning attitudes: A quasi-experimental study of teaching the conventions for coordinates in the plane. Heliyon, 8(12), e12657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12657
Tran, N., Hoang, D. T. N., Gillespie, R., Yen, T. T. H., & Phung, H. (2024). Enhancing EFL learners’ speaking and listening skills through authentic online conversations with video conferencing tools. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2334809
Wang, T. (2021). A Blended Collaborative Teaching Mode in Language Learning Based on Recommendation Algorithm. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(23), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i23.27253
Yin, R. K. (1981). The Case Study Crisis: Some Answers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392599
Zhao, W. (2022). An empirical study on blended learning in higher education during the "Internet+" era. Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 8705–8722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10944-6