Post-Editing a Google Translated Output: Experienced Translators vs. Trainees

Authors

  • Ogareet Khoury Al-Ahliyya Amman University
  • Linda Alkhawaja Al-Ahliyya Amman University
  • Feda Ghnaim Al-Ahliyya Amman University
  • Sirine Awwad Al-Ahliyya Amman University
  • Haifa Dudeen Al-Ahliyya Amman University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1406.15

Keywords:

Google translate, LISA QA model, machine translation, PE, translation memory

Abstract

The present empirical study reports on an experiment in which 20 participants (actual job applicants) were asked to post-edit a 394-word legal Google translated text (GTT) to investigate the type of post edits done in relation to the quality of the product as assessed by the recruitment test assessors in the translation service provider. For the purposes of the empirical research, participants were categorized in two groups; translators with practical experience between 3-5 years and trainees (recent translation graduates) with no practical experience. Assessors at the translation service provider used LISA QA model 3.1 version for quality assessment. The three factors investigated by assessors were time spent on the task, number and type of changes (post-edits) as well as the quality of the final post-edited text based on errors committed in the post-editing (PE). Results reveal a correlation between the type and number of edits done by participants and the quality of the final output and consequently a correlation between practical experience and the quality of the post-edited output. The research unveils some areas that need to be improved in the study plans at the translator training programs in Jordan, particularly in relation to PE efficiency. Results also imply that general experience in translation may not be enough to excel in post-editing specialized texts that require special knowledge in a given subject matter.

Author Biographies

Ogareet Khoury, Al-Ahliyya Amman University

Translation Department

Linda Alkhawaja, Al-Ahliyya Amman University

Translation Department

Feda Ghnaim, Al-Ahliyya Amman University

Translation Department

Sirine Awwad, Al-Ahliyya Amman University

Translation Department

Haifa Dudeen, Al-Ahliyya Amman University

Translation Department

References

Almaaytah, S. (2022). PE in translation: experiences and development. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6, 8794-8803.

Alshaikh, N. (2022). Problems of translating legal contracts: perspectives of Saudi translation students. Journal of Politics and Law 2022, 15, 50-59.

Albarino, S. (2023). Machine Translation: How Fast Should You Post-edit Machine Translation? Available online slator.com/how-fast-should-you-post-edit-machine-translation-what-the-eu-thinks (Accessed on 17 March 2023).

Alcina, A. (2009). Teaching and learning terminology: new strategies and methods. International Journal of theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication, 2009, 1-9.

American Translators Association. (2021). Explanation of Error Categories. Available online: https://www.atanet.org/certification/how-the-exam-is-graded/error-categories (Accessed on 5 February 2023).

Arizpe, J. (2022). The importance of terminology in specialized translation. Available online: https://traduality.com/news-blog/the-importance-of-terminology-in-specialized-translation (4 December 2022).

Biel, L. (2011). Professional realism in the legal translation classroom: Translation competence and translator competence. Meta, 56, 162-178.

Bowker, L.; Ehgoetz, M. (2007). Exploring User Acceptance of Machine Translation Output: A Recipient Evaluation. In Across Boundaries: International Perspectives on Translation; Kenny, D., Ryou, K. Eds.; Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle, UK; pp. 209-224.

Brunette, L. (2000). Towards a terminology for translation quality assessment. The Translator, 6, 169-82.

Camelia, C. (2014). Errors and difficulties in translating legal texts. Management Strategies Journal, 26(4), 487-492.

Carmo, F. (2020). Time is money and the value of translation. Translation Spaces, 9, 35-57.

Carmo, F. and Moorkens, J. (2020). Differentiating editing, PE and revision. In Translation Revision and Postediting; Koponen, M., Mossop, B., Robert, I. and Scocchera, G. Eds.; Routledge, Taylor & Francis: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, UK; pp. 69-84.

Christensen, T. (2003). Translation memory- systems as tools for legal translation. Critical assessment of the applicability of translation memory. Ph.D. Thesis. Syddansk Universitet, Denmark.

Colina, S. (2008). Translation quality evaluation: Empirical evidence for a functionalist approach”, The Translator, 14, 97-134.

Dede, V. & Antonova-ünlü, E. (2022). Does a formal PE training affect the performance of novice post-editors? An experimental study. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 16, 131-148.

Dewi, H. (2017). Translation and language errors in the Indonesian–English translation. Journal of World Languages, 4, 193-217.

Doherty, S. The impact of translation technologies on the process and product of translation. International Journal of Communication, 2016, 10, 947-969.

Fiederer, R.; O’Brien, S. (2009). Quality and Machine Translation: A Realistic Objective? The Journal of Specialized Translation 2009, 11, 52-74.

Fouda, G. Consistency in Translation. Available online: https://legaltranslationinabudhabi.com/5-ways-to-maintain-consistency-in-translation (Accessed 3 March 2023).

Flamand, J. (1983). Écrireet Traduire sur la Voiede La Création [Writing and Translating on the Path of Creation] Ottawa: Canada, 1983.

Guillou, L. (2013). Analysing Lexical Consistency in Translation. Proceedings of the Workshop on Discourse in Machine Translation 2013, pp. 10–18, Sofia, Bulgaria, August 9, 2013.

Hartley, T. (2009). Technology and Translation. In The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, Munday, J. Ed; Routledge: London and New York, 2009, pp. 104-127.

Hijazi, B. (2013). Assessment of Google translation of legal texts. MA Thesis, Petra University, Amman-Jordan.

Hui-Juan, M. (2007). Exploring the differences between Jin Di’s translation theory and Eugene A. Nida’s translation theory. Babel, 53, 98-111.

Jakobsen, A. (1999). Logging target text production with Translog. In Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results; Hansen, G. Ed.; Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen; pp. 9-20.

Jakobsen, A. (2002). Translation drafting by professional translators and by translation students. In Empirical Translation Studies: Process and product; Hansen, G. Ed.; Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen 2002; pp. 191-204.

Jia, Y.; Carl, M.; Wang, X. (2019). How does the PE of neural machine translation compare with from-scratch translation? A product and process study. The Journal of Specialized Translation, 31, 60-86.

Kenny D., Doherty, S. (2014). Statistical machine translation in the translation curriculum: Overcoming obstacles and empowering translators. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 8(2), 276-294.

Khoury, O. (2017). Investigating the Translation Competence of Graduates of Bachelor Degree Programmes in Jordan. PhD. Thesis, Aston University, Birmingham-UK.

Khoury, O. (2017). Readiness of translation graduates for the job in the Jordanian market. T & I Review, 7(1), 89-108. https://doi.org/ 10.22962.

Khoury, O., Al Saideen, B., Al Shara’h, N., Tartory, R., Awwad, S. and Dudeen, H. (2021). Translation Online Learning during Coronavirus Lockdown: An Evaluation of Student-Centered Learning at Selected Jordanian Universities. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(6), 196-210.

Khoury, O. (2022). Perceptions of student-centered learning in online translator training: findings from Jordan. Heliyon, 8(6), 405-440.

Krings, H. (2001). Repairing Texts: Empirical Investigations of Machine Translation Post-Editing Processes. The Kent State University Press: Kent, Ohio & London, 558-561.

Liang, Y. and Han, W. (2002). Source text pre-editing versus target text PE in using Google Translate to provide health services to culturally and linguistically diverse clients. Science, Engineering Health Studies, 16, 1-5.

Lin, X.; Afzaal, M. and Aldayel, H. Syntactic complexity in legal translated texts and the use of plain English: a corpus-based study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 1-9.

Maaß, C.; Rink, I. (2023). Translating legal texts into easy language. J. Open Access L., 9(1). Available online: http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals (Accessed on 1 May 2023).

O’Brien. S. (2002). Teaching PE: a proposal for course content. Proceedings of the 6th EAMT Workshop: Teaching Machine Translation, Manchester: England.

O’Brien, S. (2006). Eye-tracking and translation memory matches. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 14, 185-205.

Ӧner, S. (2019). Integrating machine translation into translator training: Towards human translator competence? TransLogos Translation Studies Journal, 2, 1-26.

OPTIMALE. (2013). Optimizing Professional Translator Training in a Multilingual Europe. EMT Network. Available online: www.translator-training.eu (Accessed on 21 November 2022).

O’Shea, J.; Stasimioti, M. and Sosoni, V. (2020). Translation vs PE of NMT output: Measuring effort in the English-Greek language pair. Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, October 6-9.

PACTE. (2003). Building a translation competence model. In Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in Process Oriented Research; Alves, F.; Ed.; John Benjamins: Amsterdam- Netherlands, 2003, pp. 43-66.

PACTE. (2017). Translation competence model: A holistic, dynamic model of translation competence. In Researching Translation Competence; PACTE Group Ed.; John Benjamins: Amsterdam- Netherlands, 2017, pp. 32-42.

Richards, J.; Schmidt, R. (2002). Dictionary of Language Teaching Applied Linguistics. Pearson Education Limited. London: Longman-UK.

Sabra, M. (2003). Translation of Contracts. American University of Cairo. Cairo-Egypt.

Šarševic, S. (2003). Legal Translation and Translation Theory: a Receiver-oriented Approach. Kluwer Law International. Amsterdam: Netherlands.

Sumiati, M.; Baharuddin, B. and Saputra. (2022). A. The analysis of Google translate accuracy in translating procedural and narrative text. Journal of English Education Forum, 2, 7-11.

Temizӧz, Ӧ. (2014). PE Machine Translation Output and its Revision: Subject-matter Experts versus Professional Translators. PhD Thesis, Universitat Rovira I Virgil, 2014.

Vasconcellos, M. (1986b). PE on-screen: machine translation from Spanish into English. Proceedings of translating and the computer 8: A profession on the move. November 13, 14, 1986. London: UK.

Vidhayasai, T., Keyuravong, S., & Bunsom, T. (2015). Investigating the use of Google translate in terms and conditions in an airline’s official website: Errors and implications. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 49, 137-169.

Yousef, T. (2004). Translation programmes at Jordanian universities: Relevance to market needs. Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences, 31, 255-264.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-19

Issue

Section

Articles