Examining the Effect of Flipped Learning on Proficiency in English Writing Grammar via Inflectional Morphemes

Authors

  • Afia Kanwal Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1404.20

Keywords:

flipped learning, EFL proficiency, inflectional morphemes, writing

Abstract

The study aimed to understand the underlying effects of flipped learning on students’ English as Foreign Language (EFL) writing skill. For this study, proficiency of writing knacks of EFL has been examined mainly by using inflection morphemes based on experimental research work. Two sets of intact classes were chosen as participants for this research study. These classes were randomly assigned to different groups, namely control group and experimental group, with a total sample size of 126 EFL students. During the eight-week time, the control group (a non-flipped learning) and the Experimental Group (a flipped learning) were taught traditional writing instructions and flipped learning, respectively. The inflectional morphemes were used in three phases: pre-, mid, and post-test. The test named Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) was used to analyze data. The research findings show that the flipped learning students have outnumbered their counterparts, i.e., non-flipped learning, in terms of EFL students’ language writing proficiency development for inflectional morphemes. The research findings have proposed some general recommendations on EFL writing instructions for decision-makers, academia, and other interest groups.

Author Biography

Afia Kanwal, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

Department of English, College of Science and Humanities

References

Adnan, M. (2017). Perceptions of senior-year ELT students for flipped classroom: A materials development course. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(3-4), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1301958

Andrews, T. M., Leonard, M. J., Colgrove, C. A., & Kalinowski, S. T. (2011). Active Learning Not Associated with Student Learning in a Random Sample of College Biology Courses. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 10(4), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-07-0061

Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. In Proceedings of the 120th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Atlanta, GA: American Society for Engineering Education.

Bligh, D. (2000). What’s the use of lectures? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Boyraz, S., & Ocak, G. (2017). Implementation of flipped education into Turkish EFL teaching context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), 426-439.

Chen Hsieh, J. S., Huang, Y.-M., & Wu, W.-C. V. (2017). Technological acceptance of LINE in flipped EFL oral training. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.066

Chuang, H.-H., Weng, C.-Y., & Chen, C.-H. (2018). Which students benefit most from a flipped classroom approach to language learning? British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12530

Dave, A. (2004). Oxford placement test 2: Test pack. Oxford University Press.

Doman, E., & Webb, M. (2014). The flipped and non-flipped EFL classroom: Initial reactions from Chinese university students. Thai TESOL Journal, 27(1), 13-43.

Dörnyei, Z., & Griffee, D. T. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics.

Dornyei, Z., & Otto, I. (1998). Motivation in action: A process model of L2 motivation. Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 4, 43–69.

Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2017). Exploring the impact of online peer-editing using google docs on EFL learners’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(8), 787–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1363056

Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2018). An exploration into the impact of webquest-based classroom on EFL learners’ critical thinking and academic writing skills: A mixed-methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(5-6), 617–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1449757

Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2019). Mediating EFL learners’ academic writing skills in online dynamic assessment using google docs. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1527362

Egbert, J., Herman, D., & Lee, H. (2015). Flipped instruction in English language teacher education: A design-based study in a complex, open-ended learning environment. Tesl-Ej, 19(2), n2.

EkmekcI, E. (2017). The Flipped Writing Classroom in Turkish EFL Context: A Comparative Study on a New Model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 151–151. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.306566

Ellis, R., & Barkhuizen, G. P. (2005). Analysing learner language. Oxford University Press.

Faulkner, T., & Green, J. (2017). The peer instruction flipped learning model. In Blended learning: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications (pp. 285-307). IGI Global.

Gannod, G. C., Burge, J. E., & Helmick, M. T. (2008, May). Using the inverted classroom to teach software engineering. In Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering (pp. 777-786).

Hamdan, N., McKnight, P., McKnight, K., & Arfstrom, K. M. (2013). A review of flipped learning. Retrieved from http://www.flippedlearning.org/review. Retrieval time 12.11.2023

Han, Y. J. (2015). Successfully flipping the ESL classroom for learner autonomy. NYS Tesol journal, 2(1), 98-109.

Hao, Y. (2016). Middle school students’ flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.031

Housen, A., Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2012). Complexity, accuracy and fluency. Dimensions of L2 performance and proficiency: Complexity, accuracy and fluency in SLA, 32, 1-20.

Jacobs, H. L. (1981). Testing ESL Composition: A Practical Approach. English Composition Program. Newbury House Publishers, Inc., Rowley, MA 01969.

Karabulut-Ilgu, A., Jaramillo Cherrez, N., & Jahren, C. T. (2018). A systematic review of research on the flipped learning method in engineering education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(3), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12548

Kim, M. K., Kim, S. M., Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: an exploration of design principles. The Internet and Higher Education, 22, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.04.003

Lage, M. J., Platt, G. J., & Treglia, M. (2000). Inverting the Classroom: A Gateway to Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment. The Journal of Economic Education, 31(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220480009596759

Lee, D. Y. (2013). Research on Developing Instructional Design Models for Flipped Learning. The Journal of Digital Policy and Management, 11(12), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.14400/jdpm.2013.11.12.83

Lee, G., & Wallace, A. (2018). Flipped learning in the English as a foreign language classroom: Outcomes and perceptions. TESOL Quarterly, 52(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.372

Leis, A., Tohei, A., & Cooke, S. (2015). The effects of flipped classrooms on English composition writing in an EFL environment. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/15042030/. Retrieval time 12.11.2023

McLaughlin, J. E., White, P. J., Khanova, J., & Yuriev, E. (2016). Flipped Classroom Implementation: A Case Report of Two Higher Education Institutions in the United States and Australia. Computers in the Schools, 33(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2016.1137734

Mehring, J. (2014). An exploratory study of the lived experiences of Japanese undergraduate EFL students in the flipped classroom (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

O’Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25(25), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002

Shimamoto, D. N. (2012). Implementing a flipped classroom: An instructional module. Paper Presentation at the Technology, Colleges, and Community Worldwide Online Conference, Honolulu, HI. Retrieved from http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/22527. Retrieval time 12.11.2023

Skehan, P. (1991). Individual differences in second language learning. Studies in second language acquisition, 13(2), 275-298.

Strayer, J. F. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4

Su Ping, R. L., Verezub, E., Adi Badiozaman, I. F. B., & Chen, W. S. (2020). Tracing EFL students’ flipped classroom journey in a writing class: Lessons from Malaysia. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 57(3), 305-316.

Su Ping, R. L., Verezub, E., Adi Badiozaman, I. F. bt, & Chen, W. S. (2019). Tracing EFL students’ flipped classroom journey in a writing class: Lessons from Malaysia. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1574597

Tseng, D. S. D. (2008). Creative English writing and idea organization. Inservice Education Bulletin, 25(2), 27-38.

Turan, Z., & Göktaş, Y. (2018). Innovative redesign of teacher education ICT courses: How flipped classrooms impact motivation?. Journal of Education and Future, (13), 133-144.

Usama, M. (2023). Does Blended Learning Approach Affect Madrasa Students English Writing Errors? A Comparative Study. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 10(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.103.10

Wang, J., An, N., & Wright, C. (2018). Enhancing beginner learners’ oral proficiency in a flipped Chinese foreign language classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(5-6), 490–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1417872

Wanner, T., & Palmer, E. (2015). Personalising learning: Exploring student and teacher perceptions about flexible learning and assessment in a flipped university course. Computers & Education, 88, 354–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.07.008

Webb, M., Doman, E., & Pusey, K. (2014). Flipping a Chinese university EFL course: What students and teachers think of the model. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 11(4), 53-87.

Wen, Q. F. (2008). On the output-driven hypothesis and reform of English-skill courses for English majors. Foreign Language World, 2(2), 2-9.

Wen, Q. F. (2013). Application of the output-driven hypothesis in college English teaching; Reflections and suggestions. Foreign Language World, 6, 14–22.

Wen, Q. F. (2014). Output-driven, input-enabled hypothesis: A tentative theory of foreign language classroom instruction for university students. Foreign Language Education in China, 7(2), 3–12.

Wen, Q. F. (2015). Developing a theoretical system of production-oriented approach in language teaching. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 4(47), 547-558.

Willey, K., & Gardner, A. P. (2013). Flipping your classroom without flipping out. Paper presented at 41 SEFI Conference, Leuven, Belgium. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/5153284/Flipping_your_classroom_without_flipping_out. Retrieval time 12.11.2023

Wu, W. C. V., Hsieh, J. S. C., & Yang, J. C. (2017). Creating an online learning community in a flipped classroom to enhance EFL learners’ oral proficiency. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(2), 142-157.

Wu, W.-C. V., Yang, J. C., Scott Chen Hsieh, J., & Yamamoto, T. (2020). Free from demotivation in EFL writing: The use of online flipped writing instruction. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(4), 353–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1567556

Xu, C., & Qi, Y. (2017). Analyzing pauses in computer-assisted EFL writing—a computer-keystroke-log perspective. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(4), 24-34.

Zou, D., & Xie, H. (2019). Flipping an English writing class with technology-enhanced just-in-time teaching and peer instruction. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(8), 1127–1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1495654

Downloads

Published

2024-04-29

Issue

Section

Articles