Swear Words From the Indramayu Javanese-Indonesia in the Novel Aib dan Nasib
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1402.32Keywords:
swear words, form, function, the novel Aib dan NasibAbstract
Swear words are impolite words or words that make other people offended or get angry. Every region has its’ own particular swear words, especially in Indramayu. The swear words used by the Javanese people of Indramayu have various types and functions. Therefore, this study describes the types and functions of Indramayu Javanese swear words in the novel Aib dan Nasib by Minanto. The result reported nine types of swear words in the novel Aib and Nasib by Minanto. They are 1) excretion in the word of tahi; 2) death in the word of mampus; 3) body function term in the word of kontol, memek, endas, kuping; 4) religious term in the word of dedemit, setan; 5) mother in law in the word of telembuk, lonte, perung, jalang; 6) sex term in the word of ngentot, rabenan; 7) animal term in the word of kirik, ketek; 8) imbecilic term in the word of dungu, goblok, koplok, cecunguk, campleng; 9) general term in the word of, sinting, lancang, bangsat. Meanwhile, the functions of those swear words in the novel Aib dan Nasib by Minanto are: to create attention; to discredit; to provoke; to create interpersonal identification; and to provide catharsis.
References
Ainurokhim. (2009). Ethnography Discourse Analysis on Ethnopoetic Spectrum of Sekar Jawa Inspired By Dell Hymes. Prosodi, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2009. Retrieved on March, 18th 2021 from https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/331
Black, S. (2019). Without the Novel: Romance and the History of Prose Fiction. University of Virginia Press.
Bowers, J. S., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2011). Swearing, Euphemisms, and Linguistic Relativity. PLoS ONE. July 2011, Volume 6, Issue 7. Retrieved on April, 10th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022341
Briechle, L., & Eppler, E. D. (2019). Swearword Strength in Subtitled and Dubbed Films: A Reception Study. Intercultural Pragmatics. Volume 16, Issue. 4 (August 23, 2019), pp. 389–420. Retrieved on April, 11th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2019-0021
Brown, S., & Attardo, S. (2005). Understanding Language Structure, Interaction, and Variation: An Introduction to Applied Linguistics and Sociolinguistics for Nonspecialists (Second Edition). United States of America: The University of Michigan Press.
Byrne, E. (2017). Swearing is Good for You: The Amazing Science of Bad Language. Profile Books.
Cavazza, N., & Guidetti, M. (2014). Swearing in Political Discourse: Why Vulgarity Works. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 33, No. 5, May 2014, pp. 537–547 Retrieved on January, 22th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X14533198
Chaika, E. (1982). Language: The Social Mirror. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.
Chun, J. W., Choi, J., Cho, H., Lee, S. K., & Kim, D. J. (2015). Dysfunction of the Frontolimbic Region During Swear Word Processing in Young Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder. Translational Psychiatry, Vol. 5, e624. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.106
Cressman, D. L., Callister, M., Robinson, T., & Near, C. (2009). Swearing in the Cinema: An analysis of profanity in US teen-oriented movies, 1980–2006. Journal of Children and Media, Volume 3, Issue, May 2009, pp. 117–135 Retrieved on January, 22th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1080/17482790902772257
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. London: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Cruz, E. (2019). Swearing and Cursing in San Juan Quiahije Chatino. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Vol. 29, Issue 2, August 2019, pp. 181–187. Retrieved on April, 10th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12243
Drange, E. M. D., Hasund, I. K., & Stenström, A. B. (2014). “Your mum!” Teenagers’ Swearing by Mother in English, Spanish and Norwegian”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 29–59. Retrieved on January, 22th 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19.1.02dra
Eagleton, T. (2011). Literary theory: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
Finn, E. (2017). Swearing: The Good, the Bad & the Ugly. ORTESOL Journal, 34, pp. 17-26. Retrieved on February 26th 2022 from https://ortesol.wildapricot.org
Gamble, T. K., & Gamble, M. (2013). Communication Works. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gedik, T. A. (2020). Translation of Turkish Swear Words in Subtitling: GORA. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 8(1), pp. 19-26.
Goddard, C. (2015). “Swear words” and “curse words” in Australian (and American) English. At the Crossroads of Pragmatics, Semantics and Sociolinguistics”. Intercultural Pragmatics, Volume 12, Issue. 2 (May 22, 2015), pp. 189–218 (https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2015-0010).
Goodyer, M. G. (2008). Literary Theory, the Novel and Science Media. Bozeman: Montana State University.
Gray, A. (2012). Bloody Censorship: Swearing and Freedom of Speech. AltLj, Vol. 37:1, pp. 37-40.
Han, C., & Wang, K. (2014). Subtitling Swearwords in Reality TV Series from English into Chinese: A Corpus-Based Study of The Family. Journal Translation and Interpreting, Vol 6, No 2 (2014), pp. 1-7. Retrieved on March, 18th 2021 from http://www.trans-int.org/index.php/transint/article/view/271
Harwood, T. G., & Garry, T. (2003). An Overview of Content Analysis. The marketing review, 3(4), pp. 479-498. https://doi.org/10.1362/146934703771910080.
Holmes, J. (2013). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fourth Edition). London & New York: Routledge.
Horan, G. (2011). Aapkatt, Ramfotzn, Zierlabbe. What does the Schimpfwörterbuch tell us about the Role of Swearing in modern German? London, gfl-journal, No. 1/2011, pp. 14-39. Retrieved on February 19th 2021, from http://www.gfl-journal.de/1-2011/Horan.pdf
Hornby, & Sydney, A. (2000). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Howe, R. (2012). The Use of Luck: A Sociolinguistic Approach to the Usage of Fuck in the BNC ad Blog Authorship Corpus. (Master’s Theses and Doctoral Dissertation. Eastern Michigan University).
Hughes, G. (2006). Swearing: A Social of Foul Language, Oath, and Profanity in English. London: Penguin Books.
Iranmanesh, Z. (2013). Narrative prose and its different types. Journal of Languages and Culture, 4(8), pp. 125-131. Retrieved on February 19th 2021, from http://www.academicjournals.org/JLC
Isaacs, D. (2014). Swearing. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50, pp. 1–2. DOI: https://doi.org/0.1111/jpc.12478
Jay, T. (2000). Why We Curse. A Neuro-Psycho-Social-Theory of Speech. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Jay, T., & Janschewitz, K. (2008). The Pragmatics of Swearing. Journal of Politeness Research 4, page 267-288.
Karjalainen, M. (2002). Where have all the swearwords gone. Helsinki: Faculty of Arts Department of English University of Helsinki. Retrieved on March 19th 2021, from http://www.punch.co.uk.
Ljung, M. (2011). Swearing: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mansor, N. S., Mamat, R., Omar, R. C., & Ghazali, A. H. A. (2014). Ketidaksantunan Bahasa Sebagai Strategi Pujukan dalam Iklan Berbahasa Sepanyol. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 14(3), pp. 207-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1403-13
Mesthrie, R. (2000). Introducing Sociolinguistic (2nd ed). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A.M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Minanto. (2020). Aib and Nasib: Sebuah Novel [Disgrace and Fate: A Novel]. Tangerang Selatan: Marjin Kiri.
Murray, T. E. (2012). Swearing as a Function of Gender in the Language of Midwestern American College Students. A cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication: Essential Readings, 233-41.
Nasution, R. F., & Rosa, R. N. (2012). Swearwords Found in Chat Room Yahoo Messenger. English Language and Literature, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2012). Retrieved on December 23th 2020, from https://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/ell/article/view/1828
Pinker, S. (2008). Freedom's curse. Atlantic Monthly; 302, pp. 28–29.
Putra, R. R. (2013). Bentuk dan Fungsi Kata Umpatan pada Komunikasi Informal di Kalangan Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Surabaya: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Skriptorium, Vol. 1, No.3 (2013), pp. 86-97. Retrieved on December 23th 2020, from http://journal.unair.ac.id/SKRIP@bentuk-dan-fungsi-kata-umpatan-article-6725-media-45-category-8.html
Prawinanto, A., Prasetyo, H., & Bram, B. (2020). Swearing and its Motives in the Antologi Rasa Novel. LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1 2020, pp. 40-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/let.v10i1.3593
Prokhorova, O. N., Dekhnich, O. V., Andilova, E. S., Kuchmistyy, V. A., & Bekh, E. F. (2019). Morphological Classification of Dysphemisms in Artistic Discourse. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2019. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v11n2.16
Rullyanti, M., & Devita, F. (2017). Swearwords used in Detected Movie viewed by speech act theory. Jurnal Smart, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.26638/466.203X
Saeed, H. B., Nemati, A., Reza, M., & Fumani, F. Q. (2020). A Comparative Study of Taboo Rendition in 3 Dubbed Versions of ‘Deadpool’ Movie: A Case Study of Swearwords. Applied Linguistics Research Journal, 4(4), pp.70–87.(https://doi.org/10.14744/alrj.2020.19480).
Sarnika, C. (2020). Types and Functions of Swear Words Used in American Sitcom How I Met Your Mother Season One. Journal of Language and Literature, 6(2), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2018.v6i2.2486.
Schweinberger, M. (2018). Swearing in Irish English -- A Corpus-Based Quantitative Analysis of the Sociolinguistics of Swearing. Lingua, Volume 209, July 2018, pp. 1–20 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.03.008).
Setiawan, S., & Fatimatuzzahroh. (2018). Swear Words among Males: The Social Functions and Pragmatic Meanings. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 222 (2018), pp. 330-335 (http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/soshec-18.2018.71).
Sommerstein, A. H. (2008). Swearing by Hera: A Deme Meme?. The Classical Quarterly, 58, pp. 326-331. Retrieved on April, 13th 2021, from http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009838808000293.
Stephens, R., Atkins, J., & Kingston, A. (2009). Swearing as a Response to Pain. NeuroReport, 20(12), pp. 1056-1060. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832e64b1
Stephens, Richard and Robertson, O. (2020). Swearing as a Response to Pain: Assessing Hypoalgesic Effects of Novel “Swear” Words. Frontiers in Psychology. April 2020, pp. 1-10 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723 ).
Stephens, R., & Umland, C. (2011). Swearing as a Response to Pain—Effect of Daily Swearing Frequency. The Journal of Pain, 12(12), 1274-1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.09.004.
Stone, T. E., McMillan, M., & Hazelton, M. (2015). Back to swear one: A review of English Language Literature on Swearing and Cursing in Western health Settings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, pp. 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.07.012.
Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (2010). Social Identity and Intergroup Relations (Vol. 7). Cambridge University Press.
Trudgill, P. (2000). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society (4th ed.). London: Penguin Group.
Twenge, J. M., VanLandingham, H., & Keith Campbell, W. (2017). The Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television: Increases in the Use of Swear Words in American Books, 1950-2008. Journal Sage Open, Volume 7, Issue 3, July-September 2017, pp. 1-8. Retrieved on April, 11th 2021, from https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017723689
Vaattovaara, J., & Peterson, E. (2019). Same Old Paska or New Shit? On the Stylistic Boundaries and Social Meaning Potentials of Swearing Loanwords in Finnish. Journal Ampersand, Volume 6, November 2019, pp. 188-194. Retrieved on April, 10th 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2013.782421
Vicens, B. (2014). Swearing by God: Muslim Oath-Taking in Late Medieval and Early Modern Christian Iberia. Medieval Encounters, 20(2), pp. 117-151. Retrieved on February, 26th 2022, from https://brill.com/view/journals/me/20/2/article-p117_1.xml
Vingerhoets, A. J., Bylsma, L. M., & De Vlam, C. (2013). Swearing: A Biopsychosocial Perspective. Psihologijske teme, 22(2), 287-304. Retrieved on February, 26th 2022, from https://hrcak.srce.hr/108514
Wabnitz, P., Martens, U., & Neuner, F. (2012). Cortical Reactions to Verbal Abuse: Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflecting the Processing of Socially Threatening Words. Neuroreport, 23(13), 774-779. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e328356f7a6
Wardhaugh, R. (2000). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publisher Inc.
Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fifth Edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Wellek, R. (2018). The Attack on Literature and Other Essays. UNC Press Books.
Yang, S. (2009). Purely Linguistic Taboo/Good Luck Language and its Impact on Behaviors in China. RASK, 83.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
