The Conceptual Relevance of English as Lingua Franca in Non-English Speaking Countries: Revisiting History, Policies and Praxis

Authors

  • Sohaib Alam Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1309.28

Keywords:

English Lingua Franca (ELF) communication, English Language Teaching (ELT), Standard English (SE)

Abstract

The present study foregrounds background information on attitudes towards acceptance of English language and educational opportunities in non-English speaking nations from a historical and contemporary viewpoint. The relevance of ELF-informed perspectives in non-ELF-speaking contexts is then discussed, both from an educational and a business/professional standpoint. Using English as a common language globally presents an unprecedented challenge for stakeholders in the 21st century. The paper focuses on the divergent policies related to English language. It investigates several countries' status, their practitioners, and people's viewpoints regarding the widespread use of the English language and the diversity of societies and cultures. The objective is to investigate how accessible non-native speakers are to newer speakers and alternatives that might work for their working atmosphere to provide some recommendations for them. The purpose is to determine if they are willing to use more modern pedagogical approaches appropriate for their teaching environment and to make recommendations for non-native people's development programmes. Recent years have seen a rise in interest in studying English as a lingua franca (ELF), which has produced some fascinating findings regarding how non-native speakers of English interact with other non-native speakers.

Author Biography

Sohaib Alam, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

Department of English, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al Kharj

References

Aggarwal, K. S. (1988). English and India's three language formula: An empirical perspective. World Englishes, 7(3), 289-298.

Ajmal, M., Keezhata, M. S., Yasir, G. M., & Alam, S. (2021). Exploring the Role of Motivation in English Language Teaching: Learners and Teachers Perspective. Psychology and Education, 58(1), 534-545.

Alam S. Faraj Albozeidi H. Okleh Salameh Al-Hawamdeh B. & Ahmad F. (2022). Practice and principle of blended learning in ESL/EFL pedagogy: strategies techniques and challenges. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Ijet) 225-241. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i11.29901.

Alam, S. (2022). Imagine integrate and incorporate: English language and its pedagogical implications in EFL classrooms. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v14n2.10.

Alam, S., & Al-Hawamdeh, B. O. S. (2022). Dynamics of integration of process drama in EFL classrooms: A holistic approach of activity-based pedagogy. E-Mentor, 4(96), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.15219/em96.1580

Alam, S., & Usama, M. (2023). Does e-feedback impact minimizing ESL writing errors? An experimental study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 18(04), pp. 156–169. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i04.36349

Alam, S., Hameed, A., Kobylarek, A., Madej, M. & Ahmad, F. (2023). Drama approaches across higher education in the English curriculum: students perspectives on holistic activity-based teaching. XLinguae, 16(2), 54-68 DOI: 10.18355/XL.2023.16.02.05 ISSN 1337-8384, eISSN 2453-711X.

Alam, S., & Hameed, A. (2023). Teaching Concerns in Higher Education: Impact of Covid-19 in Pedagogy. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 14(1), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2023.1.318.332.

Alam, S., Al-Hawamdeh, B. O. S., Ghani, M. U., & Keezhatta, M. S. (2021). Strategy of Improvising Drama in Education: Praxis of Pedagogy in EFL/ESL Context. The Asian ESP Journal, 17(4.2), 23-41.

Alam, S., Karim, M. R., & Ahmad, F. (2020). Process drama as a method of pedagogy in ESL classrooms: articulating the inarticulate. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 11(1), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.15503/Jecs2020.1.255.272

Alptekin, M. (1984). The question of culture: EFL teaching in non-English-speaking countries. ELT Journal, 38(1), 14–20.

Auziņa, A. (2018). Teacher Competences for Facing Challenges of Globalisation in Education. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 9(2), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs20182.24.37.

Basem O. Alhawamdeh & Alam, S. (2022). Praxis and effectiveness of pedagogy during pandemic: an investigation of learners’ perspective. Education Research International, 2023(1), 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3671478.

Bayyurt, Y., & Dewey, M. (2020). Locating ELF in ELT. ELT Journal, 74(4), 369 376. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa048

Berthele, R. (2016). Multilingual communication. In A. Rocci & L. de Saussure (Eds.), 3, 429-446. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110255478-023.

Bjorkman, B. (2011). Pragmatic strategies in English as an academic lingua franca: Ways of achieving communicative effectiveness? Journal of Pragmatics, 43(4), 950–964.

Choudhry, A. (2003). Linguistic complexity and the ‘three language formula’: Language and education in India. Language education, 16(3), pp. 227–38.

Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge university press.

D'Angelo J. (2020). Functional variations in English: theoretical considerations and practical challenges. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52225-4.

Devi, C. S. (2017). Three language formula and the first and second language: A case of North East India. Language in India, 17(8), 1–13.

Elder, C., & Davies, A. (2006). Assessing English as a lingua franca. Annual review of applied linguistics, 26(2), 282–304.

Fang, F. G. (2016). Investigating attitudes towards English accents from an ELF framework. The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(1), 68–80.

Gadušová, Z. ., Pavlíková, M., & Havettová, R. (2021). Intervention in teaching reading in a foreign language: development of divergent thinking and ambiguity tolerance. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(1), 297–313. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.297.313.

Guerra, L., & Cavalheiro, L. (2018). When the textbook is not enough: How to shape an ELF classroom. English as a lingua franca for EFL contexts, 12(2), 117-131.

Hu, G. (2005). English language education in China: Policies, progress, and problems. Language policy, pp. 4, 5–24.

Hurmerinta, L., Nummela, N., & Paavilainen-Mäntymäki, E. (2015). Opening and closing doors: The role of language in international opportunity recognition and exploitation. International Business Review, 24(6), 1082-1094.

Hynninen, N & Solin, A. (2017). Language norms in ELF in J Jenkins, W Baker & M Dewey (eds), The Routledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca. Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics, Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 267-278. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/299684. Retrieved on 12 December, 2022.

Ishikawa, T. (2017). Conceptualizing English as a global contact language. Englishes in Practice, 4(2), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1515/eip-2017-0002

Jenkins, J. (2017). ELF and WE: Competing or complementing paradigms? In World Englishes (pp. 52–68). Routledge.

Jenkins, J. (2020). Where are we with ELF and language testing? An opinion piece. ELT Journal, 74(4), 473–479.

Jenkins, J., & Leung, C. (2017). English as a lingua franca. The companion to language assessment, p. 4, 1607–1616.

Karpińska, P. (2016). Postcolonial tendencies in translation in the light of centre-periphery pre-conceptual image schema. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 7(2), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs20162.328.339.

Kobylarek, A. (2017). Scientific communication. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 8(2), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs20172.5.8

Kohn K. (2011). English as a lingua franca and the standard English misunderstanding. English in Europe Today: Sociocultural and Educational Perspectives, 71–24. Retrieved December 5 2022 from https://benjamins.com/catalog/aals.8.06koh.

Kohn, K. (2015). Chapter 3. A pedagogical space for ELF in the English classroom. In Y. Bayyurt & S. Akcan (Ed.), Current Perspectives on Pedagogy for English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 51–68). Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110335965.51

Kohn, K., Sifakis, N. C., & Tsantila, N. (2018). Towards the reconciliation of ELF and EFL: Theoretical issues and pedagogical challenges. English as a lingua franca for EFL contexts, 32-48. Essay Multilingual Matters: Bristol Blue Ridge Summit. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788921770-005

Llurda, E. (2009). Attitudes towards English as an international language: The pervasiveness of native models among L2 users and teachers. English as an international language: Perspectives and pedagogical issues, 119134. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847691231-009.

MacKenzie I. (2014). English as a lingua franca: theorizing and teaching English. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Meganathan, R. (2011). Language Policy in Education and the Role of English in India: From Library Language to Language of Empowerment. Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse. Retrieved December 5 2022 from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED530679.

Pereira, R. J. S. (2015). Embracing English as a lingua franca: learning from Portuguese users of English in higher education. (Thesis). FLUL. Retrieved December 26 2022 from http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23965.

Seidlhofer, B. (2005). English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 59(4), 339-341.

Sharifian, F. (Ed.). (2009). English as an international language: Perspectives and pedagogical issues. Multilingual Matters. UK.

Sifakis, N. C. (2019). ELF awareness in English language teaching: Principles and processes. Applied linguistics, 40(2), 288-306.

Snow, M. A., Kamhi-Stein, L. D., & Brinton, D. M. (2006). Teacher training for English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, pp. 26, 261–281.

Sung, C. C. M. (2013). English as a lingua franca and its implications for English language teaching. JALT journal, 35(2), 177-194.

Uysal, H. H., Plakans, L., & Dembovskaya, S. (2007). English language spread in local contexts: Turkey, Latvia and France. Current Issues in Language Planning, 8(2), 192-207.

Voloshina, T., Qi, W., Slobodova Novakova, K., Baghana, J. ., & Pavlikova, M. (2022). Language and Cultural Peculiarities of Gender Realisation. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 13(2), 531–548. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.2.531.548.

Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning as a social system. Systems Thinker, 9(5), 2–3.

Yi'An Wu. (2001). English language teaching in China: Trends and challenges. TESOL Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 191–194.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-01

Issue

Section

Articles