The Willingness to Communicate in English Among Domestic Students in an International Online Class
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1301.07Keywords:
WTC, overseas students, domestic studentsAbstract
This mixed-method study explored the domestic students' willingness to communicate (WTC) in L2 (English) in an international class. In particular, it investigated the frequency of using English in social interaction with overseas students and online learning activities. In addition, it explored factors contributing to the use of English. In the quantitative stage, 25 students responded to the questionnaire on their frequency in the use of English in social interaction settings and Zoom-room settings. Quantitative data analysis revealed that most domestic students' English use frequency was shallow to moderate. However, the frequency of a few students ranged from moderate to very high. In the qualitative stage, nine students participated in a semi-structured interview concerning the factors contributing to the frequency of the use of English. The frequency in the use of English and the factors contributing to the frequency are provided in this paper.
References
Akanwa, E. E. (2015). International students in western developed countries: History, challenges, and prospects. Journal of International Students, 5(3), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i3.421
Alimorad, Z., Farahmand, M., & Square, E. (2021). A Case Study on Willingness to Communicate in English in The Iranian. Teflin Journal, 32(1), 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v32i1/1-28
Amalia, S. N., & Asib, A. (2019). Indonesian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate in the Instructional Context. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 4(2), 215–228. Retrieved February 28, 2022 from www. indonesian-efl-journal.org%0AIndonesian.
Andrade, Maureen S. (2010). Increasing Accountability. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(3), 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315308331295
Andrade, Maureen Snow. (2009). The Effects of English Language Proficiency on Adjustment to University Life. International Multilingual Research Journal, 3(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313150802668249
Andrade, Maureen Snow, Evans, N. W., & Hartshorn, K. J. (2014). Linguistic Support for Non-Native English Speakers: Higher Education Practices in the United States Maureen. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 51(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2014-0020
Aoyama, T., & Takahashi, T. (2020). International Students’ Willingness to Communicate in English as a Second Language: The Effects of L2 Self-Confidence, Acculturation, and Motivational Types. Journal of International Students, 10(3), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i3.730
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Aslan, R., & Şahin, M. (2020). ‘I feel like i go blank’: Identifying the factors affecting classroom participation in an oral communication course. Teflin Journal, 31(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i1/19-43
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning. In Educational Psychologist (Vol. 28, Issue 2). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications, Ltd.
Dalglish, C. (2006). The International Classroom, Challenges and Strategies in a Large Business Faculty. The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 12(8), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v12i08/48014
Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2021). Willingness to Communicate and Second Language Proficiency : A Correlational Study. Education Sciences, 11(517) 1-12. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/ educsci11090517
Dewaele, J., & Furnham, A. (2008). Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence and Sociobiographical Variables on Communicative Anxiety and Foreign Language Anxiety Among Adult Multilinguals: A Review and Empirical. Language Learning, 58(4), 911–960.
Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language. Oxford University Press.
Ferdiansyah, S., Supiastutik, & Angin, R. (2020). Thai Students’ Experiences of Online Learning at Indonesian Universities in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of International Students, 10(S3), 58–74. Retrieved October 10th, 2021 from http://ojed.org.jis.
Hastowohadi, Setyaningrum, R. W., & Pangesti, W. (2020). Forced Remote Learning during the Covid-19 Outbreak: International Students’ Stories from a Bahasa Indonesia (the Indonesian Language) for Foreigners Classroom. Journal of International Students. 10(S3), 180–187. Retrieved October 10th, 2021 from http://ojed.org.jis.
Karkar-Esperat, T. M. (2018). International graduate students’ challenges and learning experiences in online classes. Journal of International Students. 8(4), 1722–1735. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1468076
Ke, F. (2010). Examining online teaching, cognitive, and social presence for adult students. Computers & Education, 55(2), 808–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.03.013
Koo, K. K., Baker, I., & Yoon, J. (2021). The first year of acculturation: A longitudinal study on acculturative stress and adjustment among first-year international college students. Journal of International Students, 11(2), 278–298. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11i2.1726
Macintyre, P., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality Attitudes and Affect as Predictors of Second Language Communication. Journal of Language and Societal Psychology, 15(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X960151001
Macintyre, P. D., Dornyei, Z., Clement, R., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing Willingness to Communicate in a L2 : A Situational Model of L2 Confidence and Affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 82(4) 545-562. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x
Ortega, L. (2009). Understanding Second Language Acquisition (B. Comrie & G. Corbett (eds.). Routledge.
Pattapong, K. (2010). Willingness to communicate in a second language: A qualitative study of issues affecting Thai EFL learners from students’ and teachers’ points of view. (Unpublished Dissertation). The University of Sydney.
Peng, J. E., & Woodrow, L. (2010). Willingness to communicate in English: A model in the Chinese EFL classroom context. Language Learning, 60(4), 834–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00576.x
Subekti, A. S. (2019). Willingness to Communicate in English of Non-English Major University Students in Indonesia. Lingua Cultura, 13(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i1.5155
Susanto, G., Suparmi, & Rahayu, E. Y. (2020). The Emotional Geography of International Students in Online Bahasa Indonesia Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of International Students, 10(S3), 161–179. Retrieved October 10th, 2021 from http://ojed.org.jis.
Suvongse, N., & Chanyoo, N. (2022). Factors Contributing to Willingness to Communicate in English. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(4), 763–771. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1204.17
Sylvia, Sulistyo, G. H., & Arsyad, S. (2020). Willingness to Communicate in a Foreign Language : The Factors Affecting Students with a High English Ability in the Higher Education Classroom. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(10), 37–52. Retrieved February 26th, 2022 from www.ijicc.net
Takahashi, A. (2009). Self-perception of English Ability: Is it related to proficiency and / or class performance ? Retrieved February 9th, 2022 from https://niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/27406/files/14_39-48.pdf
Widiasih, R., Hermayanti, Y., & Ermiati. (2020). International Students’ Experiences of Studying at Indonesian Universities: A Systematic Review. Journal of International Students, 10(S3), 24–43. Retrieved October 10th, 2021 from http://ojed.org.jis.
