Conceptual Metaphors of Knowledge in The Names by Don DeLillo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1610.28Keywords:
conceptual metaphors, knowledge, ontological metaphors, structural metaphors, literary discourseAbstract
This study examines the conceptualization of knowledge through metaphors in The Names (1982) by Don DeLillo, drawing on the framework of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). Focusing on ontological and structural metaphors, it investigates how metaphorical patterns construct the author’s perspective on knowledge. The study employs a primary qualitative mixed-method approach to analyze metaphorical expressions in the novel. The findings identify nine major conceptual metaphors of knowledge, including: (1) KNOWLEDGE IS AN OBJECT; (2) KNOWLEDGE IS A CONTAINER; (3) KNOWLEDGE IS A SUBSTANCE; (4) KNOWLEDGE IS AN ENTITY; (5) KNOWLEDGE IS A POSSESSION; (6) KNOWLEDGE IS A SYSTEM; (7) KNOWLEDGE IS A CODE; (8) KNOWLEDGE IS A STRUCTURE; and (9) KNOWLEDGE IS A NETWORK. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of how knowledge is linguistically and conceptually structured in literary discourse.
References
Alduais, A., Al-Khawlani, A., Almaghlouth, S., & Alfadda, H. (2022). Cognitive linguistics: Analysis of mapping knowledge domains. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040093
Beknazarova, U. U., Almautova, A. B., Yelemessova, S. M., & Abadildayeva, S. K. (2021). The cognitive function of a conceptual metaphor and its methodological foundations. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(3), 1312-1324. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.94
Carston, R., & Yan, X. (2023). Metaphor processing: Referring and predicating. Cognition, 238(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105534
Dasen, P. R. (2022). Culture and cognitive development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 53(7-8), 789-816. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221092409
Gibbs, R., Lima, P. L. C., & Francozo, E. (2004). Metaphor is grounded in embodied experience. Journal of Pragmatics, 36(7),1189-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.009
Gibbs, R. W. (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2011.535420
Gunawardena, C. N., Flor, N. V., & Sanchez, D. M. (2025). Knowledge co-construction in online learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003324461-4
Hicke, R. M. M., & Kristensen-McLachlan, R. D. (2024). Science is exploration: Computational frontiers for conceptual metaphor theory. In Proceedings of the Computational Humanities Research Conference 2024 (Vol. 3834, pp. 1105-1116). CEUR-WS. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.08991
Kövecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. University of Chicago Press.
Manerko, L. (2019). Knowledge structures and ways of their description in cognitive terminology research. Terminologija, 26(1), 47-72. https://doi.org/10.35321/term26-03
Muis, K. R., Chevrier, M., Denton, C. A., & Losenno, K. M. (2021). Epistemic emotions and epistemic cognition predict critical thinking about socio-scientific issues. Frontiers in Education, 6(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.669908
Ospina, D. L. G., Suaza, A., & de la Torre, M. S. (2024). Embodied simulation as a mechanism for understanding concrete and metaphorical language: A literature review. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, 32(2), 641-666. https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.32.2.641-666
Özçalışkan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2025). Does gesture follow speech in describing metaphorical motion events over developmental time? Brain and Language, 270(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105620
St Amant, K. (2022). Context, cognition, and the dynamics of design thinking: Cognitive methods for understanding the situational variables affecting usable design. Technical Communication, 69(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.55177/tc796562