Exploring the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning on the Sustainable Development of Saudi EFL Students’ Motivation and Learning Anxiety

Authors

  • Tareq Aldosari Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1604.22

Keywords:

learning anxiety, motivation, virtual learning, sustainable development, Saudi EFL context

Abstract

This paper attempts to explore the impact of virtual learning on the sustainable development of Saudi EFL students’ motivation and learning anxiety. The main objective of the paper is to show the extent to which virtual learning conducted by digital platforms such as Blackboard Collaborate contributes to improving EFL students' motivation and reducing their learning anxiety in the Saudi EFL context. The study uses a mixed-method approach that is demonstrated by both quantitative and qualitative procedures and manifested in two analytical instruments: questionnaires and interviews. This study addresses two overarching research questions: First, how does virtual learning contribute to enhancing Saudi EFL students' motivation? Second, how does virtual learning contribute to reducing Saudi EFL students' learning anxiety? The sample of this study consists of 165 Saudi EFL students and 16 EFL teachers. All participants are affiliated with one Saudi university. Findings reveal that virtual learning has made a substantial contribution to the sustainable development of Saudi EFL students' motivation and learning anxiety by enhancing the former and reducing the latter. Pedagogically, this study recommends the use and application of virtual learning as a main education system in Saudi Arabia, as it functions to produce better learning outcomes in terms of the different learning constructs.

Author Biography

Tareq Aldosari, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

Department of English, College of Science and Humanities

References

Abdelwahed, A., Aldoghan, A., Moustafa, A., & Soomro, A. (2022). Factors affecting online learning, stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 16(5), 437-453.

Alamry, H. (2024). The perceived effects on the motivation, anxiety, and online language learning of Saudi EFL learners during the COVID 19 pandemic [Unpublished dissertation]. University of Reading.

Alghofaili, S. (2022). The role of blended learning on moderating self motivation to mitigate foreign language anxiety among EFL students. World Journal of English Language, 12(8). 287-295.

Alharbi, S. (2022). The effect of virtual classes on promoting Saudi EFL students’ autonomous learning in the PYP year program. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(5), 1115 1124.

AlJarf, R. (2020). Blended learning in EFL instruction in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities and challenges. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 11(1), 226-240.

Almalki, R., Alkubaidi, M., & Bahanshal, A. (2023). EFL listening anxiety: Online and face to face learning. International Journal of English Language Education, 11(2), 35-59.

Alotaibi, S. (2022). The significance of digital learning for sustainable development in the post-COVID19 world in Saudi Arabia’s higher education institutions. Sustainability, 14(23), 1-15.

AlQahtani, A., & Higgins, E. (2013). Effects of traditional, blended and e-learning on students’ achievement in higher education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(3), 220-234.

Alrabai, F. (2016). Motivational practices in English as a foreign language classrooms in Saudi Arabia: Teachers’ beliefs and learners’ perceptions. TESOL Quarterly, 50(4), 1-25.

Al-Shehri, S. (2011). Connectivism: A new pathway for theorising and promoting mobile language learning. International Journal of Innovation and Leadership in the Teaching of Humanities, 1(2), 4-18.

Al-Shehri, S. (2021). The impact of online learning on EFL students’ motivation and engagement: A Saudi perspective. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 12(1), 58-75.

Andrade, S., & Bunker, L. (2009). Language learning anxiety and learner support in distance learning. Distance Education, 30(1), 83–101.

Antón-Sancho, Á., Vergara, D., Fernández-Arias, P., & Ariza-Echeverri, A. (2022). Didactic use of virtual reality in Colombian universities: Professors' perspective. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(5), 38-67.

Benson, P. (2011). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Bond, M. (2020). Facilitating student engagement through the flipped learning approach in K-12: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 151, 1-53.

Creswell, J., & Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.

Downes, S. (2023). Newer theories for digital learning spaces. In O. Zawacki-Richter & I. Jung (Eds.), Handbook of open, distance and digital education (pp. 129-146). Springer.

Gamble, C (2018). Exploring EFL university students’ acceptance of e-learning using TAM. Kwansei Gakuin University Humanities Review, 22, 23-37.

Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105.

Glavič, P. (2020). Identifying key issues of education for sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(16), 1-18.

Guetterman, C., Babchuk, A., Smith, H., Stevens, J., Howell, C., & Stevens, J. (2019). Contemporary approaches to mixed methods–grounded theory research: A field-based analysis. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 13(2), 179-195.

Hampel, R., & Stickler, U. (2012). The use of videoconferencing to support multimodal interaction in an online language classroom. ReCALL, 24(2), 116-137.

Horwitz, K., Horwitz, B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.

Khafaga, A. (2021). The perception of blackboard collaborate-based instruction by EFL majors/teachers amid COVID-19: A case study of Saudi universities. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17, 1160-1173.

Kim, J., & Ryu, S. J. (2023). Enhancing sustainable design thinking education efficiency: a comparative study of synchronous online and offline classes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18), 1-18.

MacIntyre, D., & Gregersen, T. (2012). Emotions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 193-213.

Michelsen, G., & Fischer, D. (2017). Sustainability and education. In M. Von Hauff & C. Kuhnke (Eds.), Sustainable development policy: A European perspective (pp. 135-158). Routledge.

Ministry of Education (Saudi Arabia). (2020). Education and Vision 2030. Retrieved 20th June, 2025, from https://www.moe.gov.sa

Sun, C.-Y., & Rueda, R. (2012). Situational interest, computer self-efficacy and self-regulation: Their impact on student engagement in distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(2), 191-204.

Yanguas, Í. (2020). Learner interaction in computer-mediated Spanish L2 learning: Role of social presence. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(1-2), 145-167.

Zhao, X., Shao, M., & Su, S. (2022). Effects of online learning support services on university students’ learning satisfaction under the Impact of COVID-19. Sustainability, 14(17), 1-17.

Zheng, Y., & Li, X. (2020). Examining the relationship between online learning anxiety and student engagement in Chinese EFL context. System, 91, 1-21.

Downloads

Published

2026-04-01

Issue

Section

Articles