Bilingual Communication Dynamics in Saudi Colleges: Non-Arab Speakers’ Perceptions

Authors

  • Mazeegha Al-Tale King Khalid University
  • Tanzina Halim King Khalid University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1512.13

Keywords:

Arabic, communication, English, language barriers, workplace

Abstract

This qualitative study examines the language barriers faced by non-Arabic-speaking professionals working in Saudi higher education institutions, where Arabic is the dominant language of the workplace despite English being the medium of instruction. Drawing on thematic analysis of interviews with 15 expatriate employees across various roles, including faculty members, nurses, and researchers, the study explores their perceptions of linguistic exclusion, the challenges of navigating Arabic-dominant communication, and their coping strategies. The findings highlight a strong preference for English as a lingua franca and recommend bilingual workplace policies to enhance inclusivity, well-being, and productivity for linguistic minorities in multilingual institutional contexts.

Author Biographies

Mazeegha Al-Tale, King Khalid University

Department of English, College of Languages and Translation

Tanzina Halim, King Khalid University

Department of English, College of Languages and Translation

References

Adriano, M. N. I., Franco, N. T., & Estrella, E. A. (2021). Language-in-education policies and stakeholders’ perception of the current MTB-MLE policy in an ASEAN country. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 44(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03652067

Afiliani, A., Tanasale, I. O., & Rijoly, H. M. A. (2024). The use of Google Translate in the translation class at English Education Study Program Pattimura University. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 9(1), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v9.i1.1299

Alabi, B., & Šarkiūnaitė, I. (2021, December 3). The impact of workplace environment on expatriates' adaptation to new workplace. In 16th Prof. Vladas Gronskas International Scientific Conference, Vilnius University Kaunas Faculty.

Alnasser, S. M. N. (2018). Investigating English language policies in Saudi higher education English departments: Staff members’ beliefs. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 6(4), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2018.060402

Al Tale, M. A. (2023). Future Saudi female teachers’ perceptions of native-like English pronunciation and English as a Lingua Franca. Saudi Journal of Language Studies, 3(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJLS-07-2022-0062

Baker, W., & Ishikawa, T. (2021). Transcultural communication through Global Englishes: An advanced textbook for students. Routledge.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Bushiri, C. P. (2014). The Impact of working environment on employees' performance: The case of Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam [Master’s thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania.

Canagarajah, S. (2020). Transnational work, translingual practices, and interactional sociolinguistics. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 24(5), 555–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12396

Coleman, H., & Capstick, T. (2012). Language in education in Pakistan: Recommendations for policy and practice. British Council.

Council of Europe. (2019, October 3). Language policies should accommodate diversity, protect minority rights, and defuse tensions. Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/language-policies-should-accomodate-diversity-protect-minority-rights-and-defuse-tensions (Retrieved February 15, 2025)

Elliott, A., & Urry, J. (2010). Mobile lives. Routledge.

Galloway, N., & Numajiri, T. (2020). Global Englishes language teaching: Bottom-up curriculum implementation. TESOL Quarterly, 54(1), 118–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.547

Gonçalves, K. (2020). Managing people with language: Language policy, planning and practice in multilingual blue-collar workplaces. Language Policy, 19(3), 383–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-020-09553-1

Iqbal, M. (2014). A study of the significance of business communication in the hotel industry of Dubai [Unpublished manuscript]. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from http://jaipuria.edu.in/pgdm/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/A-Study-of-the-Significance-of-Business-Communication-in-the-Hotel-Industry-of-Dubai.pdf

Javadpour, A., & Samiei, S. (2017). Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. Management Science Letters, 7(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.12.007

Kim, E. E. K., & Mattila, A. S. (2011). The Impact of language barriers and cultural differences on restaurant experiences: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(3), 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.10.001

Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Jaworski, R. A. (2001). Sources of support and expatriate performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00086.x

Paris, D., & Alim, H. S. (2017). Culturally sustaining pedagogies: Teaching and learning for justice in a changing world. Teachers College Press.

Rabbani, M., Farrokhi-Asl, H., & Manavizadeh, N. (2017). Using robust-DEA optimization approach to analyze performance and efficiency of a mine in north of Iran. Management Science Letters, 7(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.11.009

Ramlan, S. N., Abasha, A., Samah, I. H. A., Abd Rashid, I. M., & Muhammad Radzi, W. N. W. (2018). The Impact of language barrier and communication style in organizational culture on expatriates' working performance. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 659–666. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.4.025

Regmi Banjara, A. (2019). Linguistic inclusion and minority identity in Nepal. British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/BC-Academic%20papers-2.Ambika%20Regmi%20Banjara.pdf (Retrieved February 23, 2025)

Salleh, M. M., Mohi, Z., Nordin, N., Mohamad, N. A., & Razali, N. A. S. (2021). The Impact of language barriers and discrimination issues on work productivity of foreign workers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(16), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i16/11261

Smolicz, J. J. (1999). Cultural values and educational policy: A comparative perspective. University of South Australia.

Tickoo, M. L. (2006). Language in education. World Englishes, 25(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0083-2919.2006.00454.x

Tikly, L. (2004). Education and the new imperialism. Comparative Education, 40(2), 173–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006042000231347

Toomaneejinda, A., & Saengboon, S. (2022). Interactional sociolinguistics: The theoretical framework and methodological approach to ELF interaction research. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 15(1), 156–179.

UNESCO. (2023, February 21). Multilingual education: A key to quality and inclusive learning. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/multilingual-education-key-quality-and-inclusive-learning (Retrieved February 23, 2025)

Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights. (1996). World Conference on Linguistic Rights: Barcelona Declaration. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000104267 (Retrieved February 25, 2025)

Useche, S. A., Montoro, L., Alonso, F., & Oviedo-Trespalacios, O. (2018). Infrastructural and human factors affecting safety outcomes of cyclists. Sustainability, 10(2), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020299

Valitherm, A., & Rahman, A. (2014). Communication barrier in Malaysia construction sites. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(1), 1–10. http://www.ijern.com/journal/January-2014/08.pdf (Retrieved February 27, 2025)

Wahid, R., Halim, S., & Halim, T. (2024). Positive communication skills in the workplace. Migration Letters, 21(S8), 59–70.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-01

Issue

Section

Articles