Augmented Reality as an Innovative Tool for Digitizing North Sumatran Folklore: Enhancing Educational Tourism Media Literacy for Children With Special Needs in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1506.29Keywords:
Augmented Reality, North Sumatran folktales, children with special needs, educational tourism, digitizingAbstract
This research develops a digital product based on North Sumatra folklore, utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) as an educational tourism literacy tool for children with special needs in Indonesia. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, the study involved 30 students from Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) TPI Medan, comprising autistic, deaf, and disabled children aged 9–13. Findings show that digitizing folklore with AR is highly effective, receiving an average positive response of 87.4% in clarity, presentation, language, and appeal. Over 90% of respondents found the product beneficial to understanding North Sumatra’s ethnic diversity, cultural heritage, and tourism. The interactive AR-based approach significantly enhanced students' learning experiences.
References
Abayeva, G. A. (2024). The Use of a Digital Platform for the Development of an Inclusive Educational Environment. Pedagogy and Psychology, 57(4(2023)). https://doi.org/10.51889/2960-1649.2023.15.4.007
Abdul-Jabbar, S. N., & Alwehab, A. A. (2023). Augmented Reality’s Role in Highlighting Historical Heritage / Kirkuk Citadel. Journal of Engineering, 29(12), 104–122. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.12.07
Al Farisi, M. Z., Maulani, H., Hardoyo, A. B., Khalid, S. M., & Saleh, N. (2024). Investigating Arabic language teaching materials based on Indonesian folklore: an ethnographic study on the folktale of “Bandung.” Asian Education and Development Studies, 13(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-07-2023-0082
Albudoor, N., & Peña, E. D. (2021). Factors influencing US speech and language therapists’ use of technology for clinical practice. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 56(3), 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12614
Alenezi, M., Wardat, S., & Akour, M. (2023). The Need of Integrating Digital Education in Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability, 15(6), 4782. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064782
Alqarni, T. (2021). Comparison of Augmented Reality and Conventional Teaching on Special Needs Students’ Attitudes Towards Science and Their Learning Outcomes. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 20(4), 558–572. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.558
Altindağ Kumaş, Ö., & Sardohan Yildirim, A. E. (2024). Exploring digital parenting awareness, self‐efficacy and attitudes in families with special needs children. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(5), 2403–2418. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13457
Asamoah-Poku, F. (2024). Preserving Traditional Ghanaian Folklore through Storytelling. European Modern Studies Journal, 8(2), 308–318. https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.8(2).2024.26
Assem, K., Turagulovna, A. G., Sharifullina, M. A., Bayakhmetovna, M. A., Rakhmetolinovna, A. G., & Kaiyrbekovich, O. M. (2022). Psychological and pedagogical innovative technologies for teaching English to university students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(6), 1914–1924. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i6.7543
B. А. Zhetpisbayeva, S. A. Shunkeyeva, S. K. Abisheva, Zh. A. Kaskatayeva, & Mehmet Akif Sözer. (2024). Process of Adaptation of Kazakh Children’s Folklore Works for Digital Content Creation Aimed at Toddlers. Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Pedagogics Series, 4.2024, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.48081/MDOB1217
Baragash, R. S., Al-Samarraie, H., Alzahrani, A. I., & Alfarraj, O. (2020). Augmented reality in special education: a meta-analysis of single-subject design studies. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 35(3), 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1703548
Bilotserkovets, M., Fomenko, T., Gubina, O., Berestok, O., Shcherbyna, Y., & Krekoten, O. (2020). Multifaceted Problems of Intercultural Adaptation: A Case Study of Chinese Students in Ukraine. Brain. Broad research in artificial intelligence and neuroscience, 11(1), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.1/22
Bodsworth, H., & Goodyear, V. A. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to using digital technologies in the Cooperative Learning model in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 22(6), 563–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2017.1294672
Borysova, O., Gryniuk, O., Mykhailenko, T., Shparaha, T., & Hryniuk, T. (2022). Global Trends in Tourism and Imperatives of the Circular Economy in the Context of Sustainable Environmental Development of States. Review of Economics and Finance, 20, 196–202. https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2022.20.23
Botes, M., van der Linde, J., & Swanepoel, D. W. (2023). A multiphased cultural and contextual adaptation of the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status tools for a low‐income community: A South African case study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 49(4), 716–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13083
Cheng, X., Xue, T., Yang, B., & Ma, B. (2023). A digital transformation approach in hospitality and tourism research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(8), 2944–2967. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2022-0679
Choo, Y. B., Abdullah, T., & Nawi, A. M. (2020). Digital Storytelling vs. Oral Storytelling: An Analysis of the Art of Telling Stories Now and Then. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5A), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081907
Courtney, M. B. (2021). Developing multicultural leaders through online language immersion. Journal for Multicultural Education, 15(4), 416–428. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-07-2021-0094
Darvishi, A., Rad, D. S., Atigh, S. B. Q., Hamidi, A., Shandiz, J. H., & Baghini, A. S. (2022). The relation between the severity of reading disorder and visual functions among children with dyslexia. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology, 12(2), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_33_21
Destiana, R., & Kismartini, K. (2020). Halal Tourism Marketing in the Disruption Era: A Case Study of Penyengat Island in Riau Islands Province. Society, 8(1), 264–283. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i1.174
Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440
Dwi Rahayu, F., Mawarsari, V. D., & Suprapto, R. (2023). Development of PBL E-Modules on Polyhedron Constructions for Geometrical Thinking Ability. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol8no1.2023pp107-118
El Archi, Y., Benbba, B., Zhu, K., El Andaloussi, Z., Pataki, L., & Dávid, L. D. (2023). Mapping the Nexus between Sustainability and Digitalization in Tourist Destinations: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 15(12), 9717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129717
Falloon, G. (2020). From digital literacy to digital competence: the teacher digital competency (TDC) framework. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(5), 2449–2472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09767-4
Fernández-Batanero, J. M., Montenegro-Rueda, M., & Fernández-Cerero, J. (2022). Use of Augmented Reality for Students with Educational Needs: A Systematic Review (2016–2021). Societies, 12(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12020036
Friatin, L. Y. (2023). Exploring Cultural Identity of Senior High School Students through Digital Storytelling “Lutung Kasarung “as Sundanese Folklore. Sosmaniora: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(4), 567–576. https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v2i4.2864
García-Carrión, R., Villarejo-Carballido, B., & Villardón-Gallego, L. (2019). Children and Adolescents Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Interaction-Based Interventions in Schools and Communities. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00918
Glencross, S., Mason, J., Katsikitis, M., & Greenwood, K. M. (2021). Internet Use by People with Intellectual Disability: Exploring Digital Inequality—A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(8), 503–520. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0499
Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
Greve, S., Thumel, M., Jastrow, F., Krieger, C., Schwedler, A., & Süßenbach, J. (2022). The use of digital media in primary school PE – student perspectives on product-oriented ways of lesson staging. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1849597
Hajisoteriou, C., Panaou, P., & Angelides, P. (2022). Empowering children to speak up and act on social justice issues: The use of folktales and collaborative storytelling as tools of social imagination. British Educational Research Journal, 48(2), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3765
Happ, É., & Bolla, V. (2022). A Theoretical Model for the Implementation of Social Sustainability in the Synthesis of Tourism, Disability Studies, and Special-Needs Education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031700
Hasibuan, N. S., Pulungan, H. R., Azelia, C., Hutabarat, A. P., Nanda, N., & Wahyudi, A. (2024). Development of Mandailing Natal Folklore Teaching Materials Based on the Local Wisdom of Marsali With the Aid of Canva Online Comics. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 5(3), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v5i3.4106
Heller, J., Chylinski, M., de Ruyter, K., Mahr, D., & Keeling, D. I. (2019). Touching the Untouchable: Exploring Multi-Sensory Augmented Reality in the Context of Online Retailing. Journal of Retailing, 95(4), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2019.10.008
Heponiemi, T., Gluschkoff, K., Leemann, L., Manderbacka, K., Aalto, A.-M., & Hyppönen, H. (2023). Digital inequality in Finland: Access, skills, and attitudes as social impact mediators. New Media & Society, 25(9), 2475–2491. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211023007
Hidayat, H., Wasana, W., Pramono, P., Sabar, S., & Husodo, P. (2019). Living Folklore: Unlimited Creativity. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Education, Humanities, and Language, ICEL 2019, Malang, Indonesia, 23-24 March 2019. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-3-2019.2284883
Holmqvist, M., & Lelinge, B. (2021). Teachers’ collaborative professional development for inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(5), 819–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2020.1842974
Ionescu, D., & Vrăsmaș, E. (2023). Training Needs Of Teachers On Inclusive Education. 1371–1381. https://doi.org/10.15405/epes.23045.140
Judijanto, L., & Salim, B. S. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis of the Use of Augmented Reality Technology in Enhancing Cultural Tourism Experience. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(01), 216–225. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v2i01.610
K, K., & Sikandar, B. J. (2021). Digital Parenting. Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing, 10(3), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPS.0000000000000303
Kalia, P., Mladenović, D., & Acevedo-Duque, Á. (2022). Decoding the Trends and the Emerging Research Directions of Digital Tourism in the Last Three Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sage Open, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221128179
Karunanayaka, K., Nijholt, A., Halloluwa, T., Ranasinghe, N., Wickramasinghe, M., & Vyas, D. (2021). Multisensory Augmented Reality (pp. 558–563). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85607-6_77
Keckes, A., & Tomicic, I. (2017). Augmented Reality in Tourism - Research and Applications Overview. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 15(1), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.15.2.5
Kharchenko, S., Budehai, V., Artemenko, Y., Senkevуch, H., & Oblasova, O. (2024). Cultivating media literacy culture as a measure of societal awareness during crisis. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6, 2024ss0719. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0719
Khramtsova, F., Terekhova, A., Voroshilina, N., Andreikovets, E., & Narvoish, Y. (2021). Concepts of methodology for digitalization of additional education of children and youth. SHS Web of Conferences, 98, 05036. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219805036
Kusmana, S., & Jaja, J. (2019). Study of Legends and Folklores as Efforts to Develop Instructional Materials in High Schools. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Social Sciences, Education, and Humanities (ISSEH 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/isseh-18.2019.54
Laçin, E., & Doğan, B. G. (2024). Parenting Behaviors and Parental self-efficacy: A comparative study of parents of children with intellectual disabilities and typically developing children. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 28(4), 885–897. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295231215414
Lambert, C., Meité, N., Sanogo, I., Lobet, S., & Hermans, C. (2019). Development and evaluation of appropriate, culturally adapted educational tools for Ivoirian patients with haemophilia, haemophilia carriers and their families. Haemophilia, 25(5), 838–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/hae.13818
Levitskaya, A. (2015). The Potential of an Alliance of Media Literacy Education and Media Criticism in Russia. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2015.14.223
Looman, W. S., Hullsiek, R. L., Pryor, L., Mathiason, M. A., & Finkelstein, S. M. (2018). Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of a Telehealth Care Coordination Intervention for Children With Medical Complexity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 32(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.07.007
Martika, T., & Salim, A. (2017). Comparative Study of Regular Teachers’ Special Education Pedagogy Competence Level in Elementary and Senior High Inclusive School. Journal of ICSAR, 32–35. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v1i12017p032
Morato-Espino, P. G., Medallon, K. G., Benzon, R., Arroz, M. T., Buencamino, C. A., Ibay, C. A., Ko, M. S., & Gomez, I. N. (2019). Translation and cross- cultural adaptation of the Friedrich Short Form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS-F) to measure the stress level of Filipino parents and other caregivers of children with disability. Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0301.009
Nasution, M. K. M. (2018). SumutSiana. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 309, 012131. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/309/1/012131
Nigam, S., & C, P. S. (2022). Augmented Reality in Education System. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 10(7), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45202
Nijdam, E. “Biz.” (2023). Sami-digital storytelling: Survivance and revitalization in Indigenous digital games. New Media & Society, 25(11), 3093–3116. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211038902
Nurbekova, Z., & Baigusheva, B. (2020). On the Issue of Compliance with Didactic Principles in Learning using Augmented Reality. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(15), 121. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i15.14399
Podbolotova, M., Dmitrieva, V., Reznikova, R., Grishaeva, Y., & Tkacheva, and Z. (2021). Digital socialization of students by means of educational media. SHS Web of Conferences, 98, 05015. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219805015
Qandhi, F. F., & Kurniawati, F. (2019). Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/iciap-18.2019.50
Riastini, P. N., Sriwijnyani, N. M., Suryadarma, I., & Wangid, M. N. (2020). Innovation in Elementary Schools: Engaging Augmented Reality and Balinese Folklore for Science Learning Aids. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(12), 6552–6560. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081220
Samuel Olufemi, A., Josiah O., O., & Kehinde, O. (2015). Determinants of Successful Inclusive Education Practice in Lagos State Nigeria. World Journal of Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v5n2p26
Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2022). Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Suggestions. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1182777
Shumilova, E. A., Prano, K. L., & Makuha, L. S. (2022). Digital tools for assessing educational achievements by students with disabilities in an inclusive educational environment. Perspectives of Science and Education, 60(6), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.6.19
Sihite, I., Simanjuntak, B., Simanungkalit, K. E., & Siallagan, D. N. (2024). The Value of Ecological Wisdom in the Oral Story of the Toba Batak “Tombak Sulu Sulu”: An Ethnographic Study. Journal La Lifesci, 5(5), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v5i5.1666
Slijepcevic, M., & Popovic Sevic, N. (2019). The Digital Necessity in Marketing Education to the Millennial Generation. Journal of Awareness, 4(3), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.26809/joa.4.022
Stavholm, E., Lagerlöf, P., & Wallerstedt, C. (2023). The mediating role of concepts for collective reasoning about integrating play, teaching and digital media in preschool: A potential for enabled agency for early childhood teachers. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 21(4), 484–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X231179084
Strakšienė, D., & Musneckienė, E. (2024). Opportunities of Arts Education in Implementing Inclusive Education: Learning Experiences of Teachers in the International Context. Special Education, 45–46, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.15388/se.2023.45.5
Su, R., Bramwell, B., & Whalley, P. A. (2018). Cultural political economy and urban heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 68, 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.11.004
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan [Research and Development Methods]. Alfabeta.
Sutini, T., Apriliawati, A., Astuti, M. A., Wulandari, I. T., & Santi, R. T. (2022). Offline Learning Readiness during COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesian’ Parent Knowledge, Belief, and Attitude. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(E), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8284
Thoms, L.-J., Kremser, E., Kotzebue, L. von, Becker, S., Thyssen, C., Huwer, J., Bruckermann, T., Finger, A., & Meier, M. (2022). A framework for the digital competencies for teaching in science education – DiKoLAN. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2297(1), 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2297/1/012002
van Nuenen, T., & Scarles, C. (2021). Advancements in technology and digital media in tourism. Tourist Studies, 21(1), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797621990410
Vázquez‐Sánchez, M. Á., Casals‐Vázquez, A., Sánchez‐Ojeda, M. A., García‐Gámez, M., Papadopoulos, I., & Casals, C. (2023). Spanish adaptation and validation of the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (CCATool) for undergraduate nursing students. International Nursing Review, 70(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12792
Wahid, M. E., & Ain, R. (2023). Theoretical Implementation As Folklore Digital Reconstruction In Malay Literature Education. Idealogy Journal. https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v8i2.447
Widhiyanti, K., & Gunanto, S. G. (2021). Nusantara Folklore in the Digital Age. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3800616
Yada, A., & Savolainen, H. (2017). Japanese in-service teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education and self-efficacy for inclusive practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.005
Yang, F.-Y., & Wang, H.-Y. (2023). Tracking visual attention during learning of complex science concepts with augmented 3D visualizations. Computers & Education, 193, 104659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104659
Zavaraki, E. Z., & Schneider, D. (2019). Blended Learning Approach for Students with Special Educational Needs: A Systematic Review. Journal of Education & Social Policy, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.30845/jesp.v6n3p12
